<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">

<body>
<center>
<h1>Samples of HTML codes</h1>
</center>
<hr></hr>
<hr></hr>
<p>(Note: Multiple spaces and multiple lines in the source file are
ignored.)</p>
<p>Examples of various type sizes:</p>
<h1>This is &lt;H1&gt;</h1>
<h2>This is &lt;H2&gt;</h2>
<h3>This is &lt;H3&gt;</h3>
<h4>This is &lt;H4&gt;</h4>
<p>Now we're back to ordinary-size type. All type can be made
<i>italic</i>, <b>boldface</b>, or <b><i>boldface
italic</i></b>.</p>
<p>The marker &lt;b&gt; or &lt;B&gt; starts <b>boldface</b>, and
the marker &lt;/b&gt; or &lt;/B&gt; ends it.</p>
<p>The marker &lt;i&gt; or &lt;I&gt; starts <i>italic</i>, and
&lt;/i&gt; or &lt;/I&gt; ends it.</p>
<p>Use both together: &lt;i&gt;&lt;b&gt; to do <i><b>bold
italic</b></i>; and close both (in either order)
&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/I&gt; to end it.</p>
<p>(This all assumes you know <b><i>why</i></b> you'd want to use
either one, of course;<br/>
 knowing how to use HTML is <b>not</b> a substitute for knowing how
to write.)</p>
<p>HTML is very handy for making lists. There are several
types:</p>
<ol>
<li style="list-style-type: none; list-style-image: none">This is
an "ordered list", using numbers.</li>
<li>The HTML marker to begin an <b>ordered</b> list is
<b>&lt;OL&gt;</b></li>
<li>Unsurprisingly, the marker to end it is <b>&lt;/ol&gt;</b></li>
<li>Each numbered item starts with <b>&lt;li&gt;</b> (for "List
Item")</li>
<li>You <b><i>don't</i></b> have to put in the number</li>
<li>Not only that, you can't change it. Numbering is
automatic.</li>
</ol>
<ul>
<li style="list-style-type: none; list-style-image: none">This is
an "unordered list", using "bullets".</li>
<li>The HTML marker to begin an <b>UNordered</b> list is
<b>&lt;UL&gt;</b></li>
<li>The marker to end it is <b>&lt;/ul&gt;</b></li>
<li>Each "bullet point" also starts with <b>&lt;li&gt;</b></li>
</ul>
<dl>
<dt>There is also a "Directory List", which is useful for defining
terms, and various other situations where you might want two levels
of indentation.</dt>
<dt>The HTML marker to begin a <b>Directory</b> list is
<b>&lt;DL&gt;</b></dt>
<dd>... and it ends with <b>&lt;/dl&gt;</b></dd>
<dt>There are <b>two</b> types of item codes:</dt>
<dd>
<ol>
<li><b>&lt;DT&gt;</b>, which stands for "Directory Term"</li>
<li><b>&lt;DD&gt;</b>, which stands for "Directory Definition"</li>
</ol>
</dd>
<dt>Note that a Directory list doesn't <i><b>look</b></i> like a
list;</dt>
<dd><b>&lt;DT&gt;</b> skips a line, but doesn't indent, and doesn't
make a blank line, while</dd>
<dd><b>&lt;DD&gt;</b> skips a line and indents; if you happen to
have a very long line (like this one) that would wrap around, the
new line is lined up indented.</dd>
<dt>The <b>&lt;DD&gt;</b> mark was intended to be a "definition" of
the term,</dt>
<dd>but it's good for lots of other things.</dd>
<dt>Netscape's "Bookmark" list is an HTML file, formatted using
<b>&lt;DL&gt;</b>;</dt>
<dd>most of the "Hot List" pages on the Web started off being
bookmark files.</dd>
<dt>There is no automatic "bullet" with list items in a Directory
List, but</dt>
</dl>
<ul class="noindent">
<li>if you want a bullet to appear, you can use <b>&lt;li&gt;
<i>after</i> &lt;dt&gt;</b>, like this 
<dl>
<dd>
<ul class="noindent">
<li>or <b><i>after</i></b> <b>&lt;dd&gt;</b>, like this</li>
<li>
<dl>
<dt>But ... <b><i>this</i></b> is what happens if you put
<b>&lt;LI&gt; <i>before</i> &lt;DT&gt;</b></dt>
</dl>
</li>
<li>
<dl>
<dd>and this is what happens with <b>&lt;LI&gt; <i>before</i>
&lt;DD&gt;</b>, so be CAREFUL.</dd>
</dl>
All kinds of lists start and end with implicit Paragraph
marks.</li>
</ul>
</dd>
</dl>
</li>
</ul>
<p>All of the marks above are just text formatting commands -- the
sort of thing any wordprocessor does; but the real power of HTML,
and the Web generally, lies in <b>HyperText</b>, that is, the
ability to link one page to another so that it becomes a "hot
link". These are the blue, underlined text pieces that you click
on. They're called "anchors" in HTML, and they use the <b>&lt;A
...&gt; ... &lt;/A&gt;</b> marker.</p>
<p><a id="link.how" name="link.how"></a>A link like the following
one to my home page: <a href="http://www.umich.edu/~jlawler/">John
Lawler</a> looks like this in HTML:</p>
<dl>
<dd><b>&lt;A href="http://www.umich.edu/~jlawler/"&gt;John
Lawler&lt;/A&gt;</b></dd>
</dl>
<ul>
<li style="list-style-type: none; list-style-image: none">This
consists of the following parts:</li>
<li>It begins with the mark "<b>&lt;A</b>", <b><i>followed by at
least one space or blank line</i></b>,</li>
<li>followed by "<b>href</b>" (for "Hypertext REFerence"),
<b><i>with NO spaces</i></b>,</li>
<li>followed by "<b>=</b>" (the "equal sign"), <b><i>with NO
spaces</i></b>,</li>
<li>followed by the URL typed out, <b>surrounded with DOUBLE
quotes, <i>and NO spaces</i></b>,</li>
<li>and terminated with "&gt;", <b><i>and NO spaces</i></b>,</li>
<li>followed by whatever text you want to be blue and
underlined<br/>
 (i.e, the link name itself; this can be as long as you want and
can have spaces in it),</li>
<li>and ending with the mark <b>&lt;/A&gt;</b>.</li>
</ul>
<p>Any URL can be linked this way. Clicking on it will go to that
page, just as if you had typed it into Netscape, or "opened" it
from a menu.</p>
<hr></hr>
<p><a href="wow">Back to the Linguistics 114 home page</a><br/>
 The URL of this page is:
<b>http://www.umich.edu/~jlawler/html.sample.html</b><br/>
 <i>Last change 2/19/01 <a href="http://www.umich.edu/~jlawler/">John Lawler</a></i></p>
<center>
<h1>Samples of HTML codes</h1>
</center>
<hr></hr>
<hr></hr>
<p>(Note: Multiple spaces and multiple lines in the source file are
ignored.)</p>
<p>Examples of various type sizes:</p>
<h1>This is &lt;H1&gt;</h1>
<h2>This is &lt;H2&gt;</h2>
<h3>This is &lt;H3&gt;</h3>
<h4>This is &lt;H4&gt;</h4>
<p>Now we're back to ordinary-size type. All type can be made
<i>italic</i>, <b>boldface</b>, or <b><i>boldface
italic</i></b>.</p>
<p>The marker &lt;b&gt; or &lt;B&gt; starts <b>boldface</b>, and
the marker &lt;/b&gt; or &lt;/B&gt; ends it.</p>
<p>The marker &lt;i&gt; or &lt;I&gt; starts <i>italic</i>, and
&lt;/i&gt; or &lt;/I&gt; ends it.</p>
<p>Use both together: &lt;i&gt;&lt;b&gt; to do <i><b>bold
italic</b></i>; and close both (in either order)
&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/I&gt; to end it.</p>
<p>(This all assumes you know <b><i>why</i></b> you'd want to use
either one, of course;<br/>
 knowing how to use HTML is <b>not</b> a substitute for knowing how
to write.)</p>
<p>HTML is very handy for making lists. There are several
types:</p>
<ol>
<li style="list-style-type: none; list-style-image: none">This is
an "ordered list", using numbers.</li>
<li>The HTML marker to begin an <b>ordered</b> list is
<b>&lt;OL&gt;</b></li>
<li>Unsurprisingly, the marker to end it is <b>&lt;/ol&gt;</b></li>
<li>Each numbered item starts with <b>&lt;li&gt;</b> (for "List
Item")</li>
<li>You <b><i>don't</i></b> have to put in the number</li>
<li>Not only that, you can't change it. Numbering is
automatic.</li>
</ol>
<ul>
<li style="list-style-type: none; list-style-image: none">This is
an "unordered list", using "bullets".</li>
<li>The HTML marker to begin an <b>UNordered</b> list is
<b>&lt;UL&gt;</b></li>
<li>The marker to end it is <b>&lt;/ul&gt;</b></li>
<li>Each "bullet point" also starts with <b>&lt;li&gt;</b></li>
</ul>
<dl>
<dt>There is also a "Directory List", which is useful for defining
terms, and various other situations where you might want two levels
of indentation.</dt>
<dt>The HTML marker to begin a <b>Directory</b> list is
<b>&lt;DL&gt;</b></dt>
<dd>... and it ends with <b>&lt;/dl&gt;</b></dd>
<dt>There are <b>two</b> types of item codes:</dt>
<dd>
<ol>
<li><b>&lt;DT&gt;</b>, which stands for "Directory Term"</li>
<li><b>&lt;DD&gt;</b>, which stands for "Directory Definition"</li>
</ol>
</dd>
<dt>Note that a Directory list doesn't <i><b>look</b></i> like a
list;</dt>
<dd><b>&lt;DT&gt;</b> skips a line, but doesn't indent, and doesn't
make a blank line, while</dd>
<dd><b>&lt;DD&gt;</b> skips a line and indents; if you happen to
have a very long line (like this one) that would wrap around, the
new line is lined up indented.</dd>
<dt>The <b>&lt;DD&gt;</b> mark was intended to be a "definition" of
the term,</dt>
<dd>but it's good for lots of other things.</dd>
<dt>Netscape's "Bookmark" list is an HTML file, formatted using
<b>&lt;DL&gt;</b>;</dt>
<dd>most of the "Hot List" pages on the Web started off being
bookmark files.</dd>
<dt>There is no automatic "bullet" with list items in a Directory
List, but</dt>
</dl>
<ul class="noindent">
<li>if you want a bullet to appear, you can use <b>&lt;li&gt;
<i>after</i> &lt;dt&gt;</b>, like this 
<dl>
<dd>
<ul class="noindent">
<li>or <b><i>after</i></b> <b>&lt;dd&gt;</b>, like this</li>
<li>
<dl>
<dt>But ... <b><i>this</i></b> is what happens if you put
<b>&lt;LI&gt; <i>before</i> &lt;DT&gt;</b></dt>
</dl>
</li>
<li>
<dl>
<dd>and this is what happens with <b>&lt;LI&gt; <i>before</i>
&lt;DD&gt;</b>, so be CAREFUL.</dd>
</dl>
All kinds of lists start and end with implicit Paragraph
marks.</li>
</ul>
</dd>
</dl>
</li>
</ul>
<p>All of the marks above are just text formatting commands -- the
sort of thing any wordprocessor does; but the real power of HTML,
and the Web generally, lies in <b>HyperText</b>, that is, the
ability to link one page to another so that it becomes a "hot
link". These are the blue, underlined text pieces that you click
on. They're called "anchors" in HTML, and they use the <b>&lt;A
...&gt; ... &lt;/A&gt;</b> marker.</p>
<p><a id="link.how" name="link.how"></a>A link like the following
one to my home page: <a href="http://www.umich.edu/~jlawler/">John
Lawler</a> looks like this in HTML:</p>
<dl>
<dd><b>&lt;A href="http://www.umich.edu/~jlawler/"&gt;John
Lawler&lt;/A&gt;</b></dd>
</dl>
<ul>
<li style="list-style-type: none; list-style-image: none">This
consists of the following parts:</li>
<li>It begins with the mark "<b>&lt;A</b>", <b><i>followed by at
least one space or blank line</i></b>,</li>
<li>followed by "<b>href</b>" (for "Hypertext REFerence"),
<b><i>with NO spaces</i></b>,</li>
<li>followed by "<b>=</b>" (the "equal sign"), <b><i>with NO
spaces</i></b>,</li>
<li>followed by the URL typed out, <b>surrounded with DOUBLE
quotes, <i>and NO spaces</i></b>,</li>
<li>and terminated with "&gt;", <b><i>and NO spaces</i></b>,</li>
<li>followed by whatever text you want to be blue and
underlined<br/>
 (i.e, the link name itself; this can be as long as you want and
can have spaces in it),</li>
<li>and ending with the mark <b>&lt;/A&gt;</b>.</li>
</ul>
<p>Any URL can be linked this way. Clicking on it will go to that
page, just as if you had typed it into Netscape, or "opened" it
from a menu.</p>
<hr></hr>
<p><a href="wow">Back to the Linguistics 114 home page</a><br/>
 The URL of this page is:
<b>http://www.umich.edu/~jlawler/html.sample.html</b><br/>
 <i>Last change 2/19/01 <a href="http://www.umich.edu/~jlawler/">John Lawler</a></i></p>
<center>
<h1>Samples of HTML codes</h1>
</center>
<hr></hr>
<hr></hr>
<p>(Note: Multiple spaces and multiple lines in the source file are
ignored.)</p>
<p>Examples of various type sizes:</p>
<h1>This is &lt;H1&gt;</h1>
<h2>This is &lt;H2&gt;</h2>
<h3>This is &lt;H3&gt;</h3>
<h4>This is &lt;H4&gt;</h4>
<p>Now we're back to ordinary-size type. All type can be made
<i>italic</i>, <b>boldface</b>, or <b><i>boldface
italic</i></b>.</p>
<p>The marker &lt;b&gt; or &lt;B&gt; starts <b>boldface</b>, and
the marker &lt;/b&gt; or &lt;/B&gt; ends it.</p>
<p>The marker &lt;i&gt; or &lt;I&gt; starts <i>italic</i>, and
&lt;/i&gt; or &lt;/I&gt; ends it.</p>
<p>Use both together: &lt;i&gt;&lt;b&gt; to do <i><b>bold
italic</b></i>; and close both (in either order)
&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/I&gt; to end it.</p>
<p>(This all assumes you know <b><i>why</i></b> you'd want to use
either one, of course;<br/>
 knowing how to use HTML is <b>not</b> a substitute for knowing how
to write.)</p>
<p>HTML is very handy for making lists. There are several
types:</p>
<ol>
<li style="list-style-type: none; list-style-image: none">This is
an "ordered list", using numbers.</li>
<li>The HTML marker to begin an <b>ordered</b> list is
<b>&lt;OL&gt;</b></li>
<li>Unsurprisingly, the marker to end it is <b>&lt;/ol&gt;</b></li>
<li>Each numbered item starts with <b>&lt;li&gt;</b> (for "List
Item")</li>
<li>You <b><i>don't</i></b> have to put in the number</li>
<li>Not only that, you can't change it. Numbering is
automatic.</li>
</ol>
<ul>
<li style="list-style-type: none; list-style-image: none">This is
an "unordered list", using "bullets".</li>
<li>The HTML marker to begin an <b>UNordered</b> list is
<b>&lt;UL&gt;</b></li>
<li>The marker to end it is <b>&lt;/ul&gt;</b></li>
<li>Each "bullet point" also starts with <b>&lt;li&gt;</b></li>
</ul>
<dl>
<dt>There is also a "Directory List", which is useful for defining
terms, and various other situations where you might want two levels
of indentation.</dt>
<dt>The HTML marker to begin a <b>Directory</b> list is
<b>&lt;DL&gt;</b></dt>
<dd>... and it ends with <b>&lt;/dl&gt;</b></dd>
<dt>There are <b>two</b> types of item codes:</dt>
<dd>
<ol>
<li><b>&lt;DT&gt;</b>, which stands for "Directory Term"</li>
<li><b>&lt;DD&gt;</b>, which stands for "Directory Definition"</li>
</ol>
</dd>
<dt>Note that a Directory list doesn't <i><b>look</b></i> like a
list;</dt>
<dd><b>&lt;DT&gt;</b> skips a line, but doesn't indent, and doesn't
make a blank line, while</dd>
<dd><b>&lt;DD&gt;</b> skips a line and indents; if you happen to
have a very long line (like this one) that would wrap around, the
new line is lined up indented.</dd>
<dt>The <b>&lt;DD&gt;</b> mark was intended to be a "definition" of
the term,</dt>
<dd>but it's good for lots of other things.</dd>
<dt>Netscape's "Bookmark" list is an HTML file, formatted using
<b>&lt;DL&gt;</b>;</dt>
<dd>most of the "Hot List" pages on the Web started off being
bookmark files.</dd>
<dt>There is no automatic "bullet" with list items in a Directory
List, but</dt>
</dl>
<ul class="noindent">
<li>if you want a bullet to appear, you can use <b>&lt;li&gt;
<i>after</i> &lt;dt&gt;</b>, like this 
<dl>
<dd>
<ul class="noindent">
<li>or <b><i>after</i></b> <b>&lt;dd&gt;</b>, like this</li>
<li>
<dl>
<dt>But ... <b><i>this</i></b> is what happens if you put
<b>&lt;LI&gt; <i>before</i> &lt;DT&gt;</b></dt>
</dl>
</li>
<li>
<dl>
<dd>and this is what happens with <b>&lt;LI&gt; <i>before</i>
&lt;DD&gt;</b>, so be CAREFUL.</dd>
</dl>
All kinds of lists start and end with implicit Paragraph
marks.</li>
</ul>
</dd>
</dl>
</li>
</ul>
<p>All of the marks above are just text formatting commands -- the
sort of thing any wordprocessor does; but the real power of HTML,
and the Web generally, lies in <b>HyperText</b>, that is, the
ability to link one page to another so that it becomes a "hot
link". These are the blue, underlined text pieces that you click
on. They're called "anchors" in HTML, and they use the <b>&lt;A
...&gt; ... &lt;/A&gt;</b> marker.</p>
<p><a id="link.how" name="link.how"></a>A link like the following
one to my home page: <a href="http://www.umich.edu/~jlawler/">John
Lawler</a> looks like this in HTML:</p>
<dl>
<dd><b>&lt;A href="http://www.umich.edu/~jlawler/"&gt;John
Lawler&lt;/A&gt;</b></dd>
</dl>
<ul>
<li style="list-style-type: none; list-style-image: none">This
consists of the following parts:</li>
<li>It begins with the mark "<b>&lt;A</b>", <b><i>followed by at
least one space or blank line</i></b>,</li>
<li>followed by "<b>href</b>" (for "Hypertext REFerence"),
<b><i>with NO spaces</i></b>,</li>
<li>followed by "<b>=</b>" (the "equal sign"), <b><i>with NO
spaces</i></b>,</li>
<li>followed by the URL typed out, <b>surrounded with DOUBLE
quotes, <i>and NO spaces</i></b>,</li>
<li>and terminated with "&gt;", <b><i>and NO spaces</i></b>,</li>
<li>followed by whatever text you want to be blue and
underlined<br/>
 (i.e, the link name itself; this can be as long as you want and
can have spaces in it),</li>
<li>and ending with the mark <b>&lt;/A&gt;</b>.</li>
</ul>
<p>Any URL can be linked this way. Clicking on it will go to that
page, just as if you had typed it into Netscape, or "opened" it
from a menu.</p>
<hr></hr>
<p><a href="wow">Back to the Linguistics 114 home page</a><br/>
 The URL of this page is:
<b>http://www.umich.edu/~jlawler/html.sample.html</b><br/>
 <i>Last change 2/19/01 <a href="http://www.umich.edu/~jlawler/">John Lawler</a></i></p>
<center>
<h1>Samples of HTML codes</h1>
</center>
<hr></hr>
<hr></hr>
<p>(Note: Multiple spaces and multiple lines in the source file are
ignored.)</p>
<p>Examples of various type sizes:</p>
<h1>This is &lt;H1&gt;</h1>
<h2>This is &lt;H2&gt;</h2>
<h3>This is &lt;H3&gt;</h3>
<h4>This is &lt;H4&gt;</h4>
<p>Now we're back to ordinary-size type. All type can be made
<i>italic</i>, <b>boldface</b>, or <b><i>boldface
italic</i></b>.</p>
<p>The marker &lt;b&gt; or &lt;B&gt; starts <b>boldface</b>, and
the marker &lt;/b&gt; or &lt;/B&gt; ends it.</p>
<p>The marker &lt;i&gt; or &lt;I&gt; starts <i>italic</i>, and
&lt;/i&gt; or &lt;/I&gt; ends it.</p>
<p>Use both together: &lt;i&gt;&lt;b&gt; to do <i><b>bold
italic</b></i>; and close both (in either order)
&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/I&gt; to end it.</p>
<p>(This all assumes you know <b><i>why</i></b> you'd want to use
either one, of course;<br/>
 knowing how to use HTML is <b>not</b> a substitute for knowing how
to write.)</p>
<p>HTML is very handy for making lists. There are several
types:</p>
<ol>
<li style="list-style-type: none; list-style-image: none">This is
an "ordered list", using numbers.</li>
<li>The HTML marker to begin an <b>ordered</b> list is
<b>&lt;OL&gt;</b></li>
<li>Unsurprisingly, the marker to end it is <b>&lt;/ol&gt;</b></li>
<li>Each numbered item starts with <b>&lt;li&gt;</b> (for "List
Item")</li>
<li>You <b><i>don't</i></b> have to put in the number</li>
<li>Not only that, you can't change it. Numbering is
automatic.</li>
</ol>
<ul>
<li style="list-style-type: none; list-style-image: none">This is
an "unordered list", using "bullets".</li>
<li>The HTML marker to begin an <b>UNordered</b> list is
<b>&lt;UL&gt;</b></li>
<li>The marker to end it is <b>&lt;/ul&gt;</b></li>
<li>Each "bullet point" also starts with <b>&lt;li&gt;</b></li>
</ul>
<dl>
<dt>There is also a "Directory List", which is useful for defining
terms, and various other situations where you might want two levels
of indentation.</dt>
<dt>The HTML marker to begin a <b>Directory</b> list is
<b>&lt;DL&gt;</b></dt>
<dd>... and it ends with <b>&lt;/dl&gt;</b></dd>
<dt>There are <b>two</b> types of item codes:</dt>
<dd>
<ol>
<li><b>&lt;DT&gt;</b>, which stands for "Directory Term"</li>
<li><b>&lt;DD&gt;</b>, which stands for "Directory Definition"</li>
</ol>
</dd>
<dt>Note that a Directory list doesn't <i><b>look</b></i> like a
list;</dt>
<dd><b>&lt;DT&gt;</b> skips a line, but doesn't indent, and doesn't
make a blank line, while</dd>
<dd><b>&lt;DD&gt;</b> skips a line and indents; if you happen to
have a very long line (like this one) that would wrap around, the
new line is lined up indented.</dd>
<dt>The <b>&lt;DD&gt;</b> mark was intended to be a "definition" of
the term,</dt>
<dd>but it's good for lots of other things.</dd>
<dt>Netscape's "Bookmark" list is an HTML file, formatted using
<b>&lt;DL&gt;</b>;</dt>
<dd>most of the "Hot List" pages on the Web started off being
bookmark files.</dd>
<dt>There is no automatic "bullet" with list items in a Directory
List, but</dt>
</dl>
<ul class="noindent">
<li>if you want a bullet to appear, you can use <b>&lt;li&gt;
<i>after</i> &lt;dt&gt;</b>, like this 
<dl>
<dd>
<ul class="noindent">
<li>or <b><i>after</i></b> <b>&lt;dd&gt;</b>, like this</li>
<li>
<dl>
<dt>But ... <b><i>this</i></b> is what happens if you put
<b>&lt;LI&gt; <i>before</i> &lt;DT&gt;</b></dt>
</dl>
</li>
<li>
<dl>
<dd>and this is what happens with <b>&lt;LI&gt; <i>before</i>
&lt;DD&gt;</b>, so be CAREFUL.</dd>
</dl>
All kinds of lists start and end with implicit Paragraph
marks.</li>
</ul>
</dd>
</dl>
</li>
</ul>
<p>All of the marks above are just text formatting commands -- the
sort of thing any wordprocessor does; but the real power of HTML,
and the Web generally, lies in <b>HyperText</b>, that is, the
ability to link one page to another so that it becomes a "hot
link". These are the blue, underlined text pieces that you click
on. They're called "anchors" in HTML, and they use the <b>&lt;A
...&gt; ... &lt;/A&gt;</b> marker.</p>
<p><a id="link.how" name="link.how"></a>A link like the following
one to my home page: <a href="http://www.umich.edu/~jlawler/">John
Lawler</a> looks like this in HTML:</p>
<dl>
<dd><b>&lt;A href="http://www.umich.edu/~jlawler/"&gt;John
Lawler&lt;/A&gt;</b></dd>
</dl>
<ul>
<li style="list-style-type: none; list-style-image: none">This
consists of the following parts:</li>
<li>It begins with the mark "<b>&lt;A</b>", <b><i>followed by at
least one space or blank line</i></b>,</li>
<li>followed by "<b>href</b>" (for "Hypertext REFerence"),
<b><i>with NO spaces</i></b>,</li>
<li>followed by "<b>=</b>" (the "equal sign"), <b><i>with NO
spaces</i></b>,</li>
<li>followed by the URL typed out, <b>surrounded with DOUBLE
quotes, <i>and NO spaces</i></b>,</li>
<li>and terminated with "&gt;", <b><i>and NO spaces</i></b>,</li>
<li>followed by whatever text you want to be blue and
underlined<br/>
 (i.e, the link name itself; this can be as long as you want and
can have spaces in it),</li>
<li>and ending with the mark <b>&lt;/A&gt;</b>.</li>
</ul>
<p>Any URL can be linked this way. Clicking on it will go to that
page, just as if you had typed it into Netscape, or "opened" it
from a menu.</p>
<hr></hr>
<p><a href="wow">Back to the Linguistics 114 home page</a><br/>
 The URL of this page is:
<b>http://www.umich.edu/~jlawler/html.sample.html</b><br/>
 <i>Last change 2/19/01 <a href="http://www.umich.edu/~jlawler/">John Lawler</a></i></p>
<center>
<h1>Samples of HTML codes</h1>
</center>
<hr></hr>
<hr></hr>
<p>(Note: Multiple spaces and multiple lines in the source file are
ignored.)</p>
<p>Examples of various type sizes:</p>
<h1>This is &lt;H1&gt;</h1>
<h2>This is &lt;H2&gt;</h2>
<h3>This is &lt;H3&gt;</h3>
<h4>This is &lt;H4&gt;</h4>
<p>Now we're back to ordinary-size type. All type can be made
<i>italic</i>, <b>boldface</b>, or <b><i>boldface
italic</i></b>.</p>
<p>The marker &lt;b&gt; or &lt;B&gt; starts <b>boldface</b>, and
the marker &lt;/b&gt; or &lt;/B&gt; ends it.</p>
<p>The marker &lt;i&gt; or &lt;I&gt; starts <i>italic</i>, and
&lt;/i&gt; or &lt;/I&gt; ends it.</p>
<p>Use both together: &lt;i&gt;&lt;b&gt; to do <i><b>bold
italic</b></i>; and close both (in either order)
&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/I&gt; to end it.</p>
<p>(This all assumes you know <b><i>why</i></b> you'd want to use
either one, of course;<br/>
 knowing how to use HTML is <b>not</b> a substitute for knowing how
to write.)</p>
<p>HTML is very handy for making lists. There are several
types:</p>
<ol>
<li style="list-style-type: none; list-style-image: none">This is
an "ordered list", using numbers.</li>
<li>The HTML marker to begin an <b>ordered</b> list is
<b>&lt;OL&gt;</b></li>
<li>Unsurprisingly, the marker to end it is <b>&lt;/ol&gt;</b></li>
<li>Each numbered item starts with <b>&lt;li&gt;</b> (for "List
Item")</li>
<li>You <b><i>don't</i></b> have to put in the number</li>
<li>Not only that, you can't change it. Numbering is
automatic.</li>
</ol>
<ul>
<li style="list-style-type: none; list-style-image: none">This is
an "unordered list", using "bullets".</li>
<li>The HTML marker to begin an <b>UNordered</b> list is
<b>&lt;UL&gt;</b></li>
<li>The marker to end it is <b>&lt;/ul&gt;</b></li>
<li>Each "bullet point" also starts with <b>&lt;li&gt;</b></li>
</ul>
<dl>
<dt>There is also a "Directory List", which is useful for defining
terms, and various other situations where you might want two levels
of indentation.</dt>
<dt>The HTML marker to begin a <b>Directory</b> list is
<b>&lt;DL&gt;</b></dt>
<dd>... and it ends with <b>&lt;/dl&gt;</b></dd>
<dt>There are <b>two</b> types of item codes:</dt>
<dd>
<ol>
<li><b>&lt;DT&gt;</b>, which stands for "Directory Term"</li>
<li><b>&lt;DD&gt;</b>, which stands for "Directory Definition"</li>
</ol>
</dd>
<dt>Note that a Directory list doesn't <i><b>look</b></i> like a
list;</dt>
<dd><b>&lt;DT&gt;</b> skips a line, but doesn't indent, and doesn't
make a blank line, while</dd>
<dd><b>&lt;DD&gt;</b> skips a line and indents; if you happen to
have a very long line (like this one) that would wrap around, the
new line is lined up indented.</dd>
<dt>The <b>&lt;DD&gt;</b> mark was intended to be a "definition" of
the term,</dt>
<dd>but it's good for lots of other things.</dd>
<dt>Netscape's "Bookmark" list is an HTML file, formatted using
<b>&lt;DL&gt;</b>;</dt>
<dd>most of the "Hot List" pages on the Web started off being
bookmark files.</dd>
<dt>There is no automatic "bullet" with list items in a Directory
List, but</dt>
</dl>
<ul class="noindent">
<li>if you want a bullet to appear, you can use <b>&lt;li&gt;
<i>after</i> &lt;dt&gt;</b>, like this 
<dl>
<dd>
<ul class="noindent">
<li>or <b><i>after</i></b> <b>&lt;dd&gt;</b>, like this</li>
<li>
<dl>
<dt>But ... <b><i>this</i></b> is what happens if you put
<b>&lt;LI&gt; <i>before</i> &lt;DT&gt;</b></dt>
</dl>
</li>
<li>
<dl>
<dd>and this is what happens with <b>&lt;LI&gt; <i>before</i>
&lt;DD&gt;</b>, so be CAREFUL.</dd>
</dl>
All kinds of lists start and end with implicit Paragraph
marks.</li>
</ul>
</dd>
</dl>
</li>
</ul>
<p>All of the marks above are just text formatting commands -- the
sort of thing any wordprocessor does; but the real power of HTML,
and the Web generally, lies in <b>HyperText</b>, that is, the
ability to link one page to another so that it becomes a "hot
link". These are the blue, underlined text pieces that you click
on. They're called "anchors" in HTML, and they use the <b>&lt;A
...&gt; ... &lt;/A&gt;</b> marker.</p>
<p><a id="link.how" name="link.how"></a>A link like the following
one to my home page: <a href="http://www.umich.edu/~jlawler/">John
Lawler</a> looks like this in HTML:</p>
<dl>
<dd><b>&lt;A href="http://www.umich.edu/~jlawler/"&gt;John
Lawler&lt;/A&gt;</b></dd>
</dl>
<ul>
<li style="list-style-type: none; list-style-image: none">This
consists of the following parts:</li>
<li>It begins with the mark "<b>&lt;A</b>", <b><i>followed by at
least one space or blank line</i></b>,</li>
<li>followed by "<b>href</b>" (for "Hypertext REFerence"),
<b><i>with NO spaces</i></b>,</li>
<li>followed by "<b>=</b>" (the "equal sign"), <b><i>with NO
spaces</i></b>,</li>
<li>followed by the URL typed out, <b>surrounded with DOUBLE
quotes, <i>and NO spaces</i></b>,</li>
<li>and terminated with "&gt;", <b><i>and NO spaces</i></b>,</li>
<li>followed by whatever text you want to be blue and
underlined<br/>
 (i.e, the link name itself; this can be as long as you want and
can have spaces in it),</li>
<li>and ending with the mark <b>&lt;/A&gt;</b>.</li>
</ul>
<p>Any URL can be linked this way. Clicking on it will go to that
page, just as if you had typed it into Netscape, or "opened" it
from a menu.</p>
<hr></hr>
<p><a href="wow">Back to the Linguistics 114 home page</a><br/>
 The URL of this page is:
<b>http://www.umich.edu/~jlawler/html.sample.html</b><br/>
 <i>Last change 2/19/01 <a href="http://www.umich.edu/~jlawler/">John Lawler</a></i></p>
<center>
<h1>Samples of HTML codes</h1>
</center>
<hr></hr>
<hr></hr>
<p>(Note: Multiple spaces and multiple lines in the source file are
ignored.)</p>
<p>Examples of various type sizes:</p>
<h1>This is &lt;H1&gt;</h1>
<h2>This is &lt;H2&gt;</h2>
<h3>This is &lt;H3&gt;</h3>
<h4>This is &lt;H4&gt;</h4>
<p>Now we're back to ordinary-size type. All type can be made
<i>italic</i>, <b>boldface</b>, or <b><i>boldface
italic</i></b>.</p>
<p>The marker &lt;b&gt; or &lt;B&gt; starts <b>boldface</b>, and
the marker &lt;/b&gt; or &lt;/B&gt; ends it.</p>
<p>The marker &lt;i&gt; or &lt;I&gt; starts <i>italic</i>, and
&lt;/i&gt; or &lt;/I&gt; ends it.</p>
<p>Use both together: &lt;i&gt;&lt;b&gt; to do <i><b>bold
italic</b></i>; and close both (in either order)
&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/I&gt; to end it.</p>
<p>(This all assumes you know <b><i>why</i></b> you'd want to use
either one, of course;<br/>
 knowing how to use HTML is <b>not</b> a substitute for knowing how
to write.)</p>
<p>HTML is very handy for making lists. There are several
types:</p>
<ol>
<li style="list-style-type: none; list-style-image: none">This is
an "ordered list", using numbers.</li>
<li>The HTML marker to begin an <b>ordered</b> list is
<b>&lt;OL&gt;</b></li>
<li>Unsurprisingly, the marker to end it is <b>&lt;/ol&gt;</b></li>
<li>Each numbered item starts with <b>&lt;li&gt;</b> (for "List
Item")</li>
<li>You <b><i>don't</i></b> have to put in the number</li>
<li>Not only that, you can't change it. Numbering is
automatic.</li>
</ol>
<ul>
<li style="list-style-type: none; list-style-image: none">This is
an "unordered list", using "bullets".</li>
<li>The HTML marker to begin an <b>UNordered</b> list is
<b>&lt;UL&gt;</b></li>
<li>The marker to end it is <b>&lt;/ul&gt;</b></li>
<li>Each "bullet point" also starts with <b>&lt;li&gt;</b></li>
</ul>
<dl>
<dt>There is also a "Directory List", which is useful for defining
terms, and various other situations where you might want two levels
of indentation.</dt>
<dt>The HTML marker to begin a <b>Directory</b> list is
<b>&lt;DL&gt;</b></dt>
<dd>... and it ends with <b>&lt;/dl&gt;</b></dd>
<dt>There are <b>two</b> types of item codes:</dt>
<dd>
<ol>
<li><b>&lt;DT&gt;</b>, which stands for "Directory Term"</li>
<li><b>&lt;DD&gt;</b>, which stands for "Directory Definition"</li>
</ol>
</dd>
<dt>Note that a Directory list doesn't <i><b>look</b></i> like a
list;</dt>
<dd><b>&lt;DT&gt;</b> skips a line, but doesn't indent, and doesn't
make a blank line, while</dd>
<dd><b>&lt;DD&gt;</b> skips a line and indents; if you happen to
have a very long line (like this one) that would wrap around, the
new line is lined up indented.</dd>
<dt>The <b>&lt;DD&gt;</b> mark was intended to be a "definition" of
the term,</dt>
<dd>but it's good for lots of other things.</dd>
<dt>Netscape's "Bookmark" list is an HTML file, formatted using
<b>&lt;DL&gt;</b>;</dt>
<dd>most of the "Hot List" pages on the Web started off being
bookmark files.</dd>
<dt>There is no automatic "bullet" with list items in a Directory
List, but</dt>
</dl>
<ul class="noindent">
<li>if you want a bullet to appear, you can use <b>&lt;li&gt;
<i>after</i> &lt;dt&gt;</b>, like this 
<dl>
<dd>
<ul class="noindent">
<li>or <b><i>after</i></b> <b>&lt;dd&gt;</b>, like this</li>
<li>
<dl>
<dt>But ... <b><i>this</i></b> is what happens if you put
<b>&lt;LI&gt; <i>before</i> &lt;DT&gt;</b></dt>
</dl>
</li>
<li>
<dl>
<dd>and this is what happens with <b>&lt;LI&gt; <i>before</i>
&lt;DD&gt;</b>, so be CAREFUL.</dd>
</dl>
All kinds of lists start and end with implicit Paragraph
marks.</li>
</ul>
</dd>
</dl>
</li>
</ul>
<p>All of the marks above are just text formatting commands -- the
sort of thing any wordprocessor does; but the real power of HTML,
and the Web generally, lies in <b>HyperText</b>, that is, the
ability to link one page to another so that it becomes a "hot
link". These are the blue, underlined text pieces that you click
on. They're called "anchors" in HTML, and they use the <b>&lt;A
...&gt; ... &lt;/A&gt;</b> marker.</p>
<p><a id="link.how" name="link.how"></a>A link like the following
one to my home page: <a href="http://www.umich.edu/~jlawler/">John
Lawler</a> looks like this in HTML:</p>
<dl>
<dd><b>&lt;A href="http://www.umich.edu/~jlawler/"&gt;John
Lawler&lt;/A&gt;</b></dd>
</dl>
<ul>
<li style="list-style-type: none; list-style-image: none">This
consists of the following parts:</li>
<li>It begins with the mark "<b>&lt;A</b>", <b><i>followed by at
least one space or blank line</i></b>,</li>
<li>followed by "<b>href</b>" (for "Hypertext REFerence"),
<b><i>with NO spaces</i></b>,</li>
<li>followed by "<b>=</b>" (the "equal sign"), <b><i>with NO
spaces</i></b>,</li>
<li>followed by the URL typed out, <b>surrounded with DOUBLE
quotes, <i>and NO spaces</i></b>,</li>
<li>and terminated with "&gt;", <b><i>and NO spaces</i></b>,</li>
<li>followed by whatever text you want to be blue and
underlined<br/>
 (i.e, the link name itself; this can be as long as you want and
can have spaces in it),</li>
<li>and ending with the mark <b>&lt;/A&gt;</b>.</li>
</ul>
<p>Any URL can be linked this way. Clicking on it will go to that
page, just as if you had typed it into Netscape, or "opened" it
from a menu.</p>
<hr></hr>
<p><a href="wow">Back to the Linguistics 114 home page</a><br/>
 The URL of this page is:
<b>http://www.umich.edu/~jlawler/html.sample.html</b><br/>
 <i>Last change 2/19/01 <a href="http://www.umich.edu/~jlawler/">John Lawler</a></i></p>
<center>
<h1>Samples of HTML codes</h1>
</center>
<hr></hr>
<hr></hr>
<p>(Note: Multiple spaces and multiple lines in the source file are
ignored.)</p>
<p>Examples of various type sizes:</p>
<h1>This is &lt;H1&gt;</h1>
<h2>This is &lt;H2&gt;</h2>
<h3>This is &lt;H3&gt;</h3>
<h4>This is &lt;H4&gt;</h4>
<p>Now we're back to ordinary-size type. All type can be made
<i>italic</i>, <b>boldface</b>, or <b><i>boldface
italic</i></b>.</p>
<p>The marker &lt;b&gt; or &lt;B&gt; starts <b>boldface</b>, and
the marker &lt;/b&gt; or &lt;/B&gt; ends it.</p>
<p>The marker &lt;i&gt; or &lt;I&gt; starts <i>italic</i>, and
&lt;/i&gt; or &lt;/I&gt; ends it.</p>
<p>Use both together: &lt;i&gt;&lt;b&gt; to do <i><b>bold
italic</b></i>; and close both (in either order)
&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/I&gt; to end it.</p>
<p>(This all assumes you know <b><i>why</i></b> you'd want to use
either one, of course;<br/>
 knowing how to use HTML is <b>not</b> a substitute for knowing how
to write.)</p>
<p>HTML is very handy for making lists. There are several
types:</p>
<ol>
<li style="list-style-type: none; list-style-image: none">This is
an "ordered list", using numbers.</li>
<li>The HTML marker to begin an <b>ordered</b> list is
<b>&lt;OL&gt;</b></li>
<li>Unsurprisingly, the marker to end it is <b>&lt;/ol&gt;</b></li>
<li>Each numbered item starts with <b>&lt;li&gt;</b> (for "List
Item")</li>
<li>You <b><i>don't</i></b> have to put in the number</li>
<li>Not only that, you can't change it. Numbering is
automatic.</li>
</ol>
<ul>
<li style="list-style-type: none; list-style-image: none">This is
an "unordered list", using "bullets".</li>
<li>The HTML marker to begin an <b>UNordered</b> list is
<b>&lt;UL&gt;</b></li>
<li>The marker to end it is <b>&lt;/ul&gt;</b></li>
<li>Each "bullet point" also starts with <b>&lt;li&gt;</b></li>
</ul>
<dl>
<dt>There is also a "Directory List", which is useful for defining
terms, and various other situations where you might want two levels
of indentation.</dt>
<dt>The HTML marker to begin a <b>Directory</b> list is
<b>&lt;DL&gt;</b></dt>
<dd>... and it ends with <b>&lt;/dl&gt;</b></dd>
<dt>There are <b>two</b> types of item codes:</dt>
<dd>
<ol>
<li><b>&lt;DT&gt;</b>, which stands for "Directory Term"</li>
<li><b>&lt;DD&gt;</b>, which stands for "Directory Definition"</li>
</ol>
</dd>
<dt>Note that a Directory list doesn't <i><b>look</b></i> like a
list;</dt>
<dd><b>&lt;DT&gt;</b> skips a line, but doesn't indent, and doesn't
make a blank line, while</dd>
<dd><b>&lt;DD&gt;</b> skips a line and indents; if you happen to
have a very long line (like this one) that would wrap around, the
new line is lined up indented.</dd>
<dt>The <b>&lt;DD&gt;</b> mark was intended to be a "definition" of
the term,</dt>
<dd>but it's good for lots of other things.</dd>
<dt>Netscape's "Bookmark" list is an HTML file, formatted using
<b>&lt;DL&gt;</b>;</dt>
<dd>most of the "Hot List" pages on the Web started off being
bookmark files.</dd>
<dt>There is no automatic "bullet" with list items in a Directory
List, but</dt>
</dl>
<ul class="noindent">
<li>if you want a bullet to appear, you can use <b>&lt;li&gt;
<i>after</i> &lt;dt&gt;</b>, like this 
<dl>
<dd>
<ul class="noindent">
<li>or <b><i>after</i></b> <b>&lt;dd&gt;</b>, like this</li>
<li>
<dl>
<dt>But ... <b><i>this</i></b> is what happens if you put
<b>&lt;LI&gt; <i>before</i> &lt;DT&gt;</b></dt>
</dl>
</li>
<li>
<dl>
<dd>and this is what happens with <b>&lt;LI&gt; <i>before</i>
&lt;DD&gt;</b>, so be CAREFUL.</dd>
</dl>
All kinds of lists start and end with implicit Paragraph
marks.</li>
</ul>
</dd>
</dl>
</li>
</ul>
<p>All of the marks above are just text formatting commands -- the
sort of thing any wordprocessor does; but the real power of HTML,
and the Web generally, lies in <b>HyperText</b>, that is, the
ability to link one page to another so that it becomes a "hot
link". These are the blue, underlined text pieces that you click
on. They're called "anchors" in HTML, and they use the <b>&lt;A
...&gt; ... &lt;/A&gt;</b> marker.</p>
<p><a id="link.how" name="link.how"></a>A link like the following
one to my home page: <a href="http://www.umich.edu/~jlawler/">John
Lawler</a> looks like this in HTML:</p>
<dl>
<dd><b>&lt;A href="http://www.umich.edu/~jlawler/"&gt;John
Lawler&lt;/A&gt;</b></dd>
</dl>
<ul>
<li style="list-style-type: none; list-style-image: none">This
consists of the following parts:</li>
<li>It begins with the mark "<b>&lt;A</b>", <b><i>followed by at
least one space or blank line</i></b>,</li>
<li>followed by "<b>href</b>" (for "Hypertext REFerence"),
<b><i>with NO spaces</i></b>,</li>
<li>followed by "<b>=</b>" (the "equal sign"), <b><i>with NO
spaces</i></b>,</li>
<li>followed by the URL typed out, <b>surrounded with DOUBLE
quotes, <i>and NO spaces</i></b>,</li>
<li>and terminated with "&gt;", <b><i>and NO spaces</i></b>,</li>
<li>followed by whatever text you want to be blue and
underlined<br/>
 (i.e, the link name itself; this can be as long as you want and
can have spaces in it),</li>
<li>and ending with the mark <b>&lt;/A&gt;</b>.</li>
</ul>
<p>Any URL can be linked this way. Clicking on it will go to that
page, just as if you had typed it into Netscape, or "opened" it
from a menu.</p>
<hr></hr>
<p><a href="wow">Back to the Linguistics 114 home page</a><br/>
 The URL of this page is:
<b>http://www.umich.edu/~jlawler/html.sample.html</b><br/>
 <i>Last change 2/19/01 <a href="http://www.umich.edu/~jlawler/">John Lawler</a></i></p>
<center>
<h1>Samples of HTML codes</h1>
</center>
<hr></hr>
<hr></hr>
<p>(Note: Multiple spaces and multiple lines in the source file are
ignored.)</p>
<p>Examples of various type sizes:</p>
<h1>This is &lt;H1&gt;</h1>
<h2>This is &lt;H2&gt;</h2>
<h3>This is &lt;H3&gt;</h3>
<h4>This is &lt;H4&gt;</h4>
<p>Now we're back to ordinary-size type. All type can be made
<i>italic</i>, <b>boldface</b>, or <b><i>boldface
italic</i></b>.</p>
<p>The marker &lt;b&gt; or &lt;B&gt; starts <b>boldface</b>, and
the marker &lt;/b&gt; or &lt;/B&gt; ends it.</p>
<p>The marker &lt;i&gt; or &lt;I&gt; starts <i>italic</i>, and
&lt;/i&gt; or &lt;/I&gt; ends it.</p>
<p>Use both together: &lt;i&gt;&lt;b&gt; to do <i><b>bold
italic</b></i>; and close both (in either order)
&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/I&gt; to end it.</p>
<p>(This all assumes you know <b><i>why</i></b> you'd want to use
either one, of course;<br/>
 knowing how to use HTML is <b>not</b> a substitute for knowing how
to write.)</p>
<p>HTML is very handy for making lists. There are several
types:</p>
<ol>
<li style="list-style-type: none; list-style-image: none">This is
an "ordered list", using numbers.</li>
<li>The HTML marker to begin an <b>ordered</b> list is
<b>&lt;OL&gt;</b></li>
<li>Unsurprisingly, the marker to end it is <b>&lt;/ol&gt;</b></li>
<li>Each numbered item starts with <b>&lt;li&gt;</b> (for "List
Item")</li>
<li>You <b><i>don't</i></b> have to put in the number</li>
<li>Not only that, you can't change it. Numbering is
automatic.</li>
</ol>
<ul>
<li style="list-style-type: none; list-style-image: none">This is
an "unordered list", using "bullets".</li>
<li>The HTML marker to begin an <b>UNordered</b> list is
<b>&lt;UL&gt;</b></li>
<li>The marker to end it is <b>&lt;/ul&gt;</b></li>
<li>Each "bullet point" also starts with <b>&lt;li&gt;</b></li>
</ul>
<dl>
<dt>There is also a "Directory List", which is useful for defining
terms, and various other situations where you might want two levels
of indentation.</dt>
<dt>The HTML marker to begin a <b>Directory</b> list is
<b>&lt;DL&gt;</b></dt>
<dd>... and it ends with <b>&lt;/dl&gt;</b></dd>
<dt>There are <b>two</b> types of item codes:</dt>
<dd>
<ol>
<li><b>&lt;DT&gt;</b>, which stands for "Directory Term"</li>
<li><b>&lt;DD&gt;</b>, which stands for "Directory Definition"</li>
</ol>
</dd>
<dt>Note that a Directory list doesn't <i><b>look</b></i> like a
list;</dt>
<dd><b>&lt;DT&gt;</b> skips a line, but doesn't indent, and doesn't
make a blank line, while</dd>
<dd><b>&lt;DD&gt;</b> skips a line and indents; if you happen to
have a very long line (like this one) that would wrap around, the
new line is lined up indented.</dd>
<dt>The <b>&lt;DD&gt;</b> mark was intended to be a "definition" of
the term,</dt>
<dd>but it's good for lots of other things.</dd>
<dt>Netscape's "Bookmark" list is an HTML file, formatted using
<b>&lt;DL&gt;</b>;</dt>
<dd>most of the "Hot List" pages on the Web started off being
bookmark files.</dd>
<dt>There is no automatic "bullet" with list items in a Directory
List, but</dt>
</dl>
<ul class="noindent">
<li>if you want a bullet to appear, you can use <b>&lt;li&gt;
<i>after</i> &lt;dt&gt;</b>, like this 
<dl>
<dd>
<ul class="noindent">
<li>or <b><i>after</i></b> <b>&lt;dd&gt;</b>, like this</li>
<li>
<dl>
<dt>But ... <b><i>this</i></b> is what happens if you put
<b>&lt;LI&gt; <i>before</i> &lt;DT&gt;</b></dt>
</dl>
</li>
<li>
<dl>
<dd>and this is what happens with <b>&lt;LI&gt; <i>before</i>
&lt;DD&gt;</b>, so be CAREFUL.</dd>
</dl>
All kinds of lists start and end with implicit Paragraph
marks.</li>
</ul>
</dd>
</dl>
</li>
</ul>
<p>All of the marks above are just text formatting commands -- the
sort of thing any wordprocessor does; but the real power of HTML,
and the Web generally, lies in <b>HyperText</b>, that is, the
ability to link one page to another so that it becomes a "hot
link". These are the blue, underlined text pieces that you click
on. They're called "anchors" in HTML, and they use the <b>&lt;A
...&gt; ... &lt;/A&gt;</b> marker.</p>
<p><a id="link.how" name="link.how"></a>A link like the following
one to my home page: <a href="http://www.umich.edu/~jlawler/">John
Lawler</a> looks like this in HTML:</p>
<dl>
<dd><b>&lt;A href="http://www.umich.edu/~jlawler/"&gt;John
Lawler&lt;/A&gt;</b></dd>
</dl>
<ul>
<li style="list-style-type: none; list-style-image: none">This
consists of the following parts:</li>
<li>It begins with the mark "<b>&lt;A</b>", <b><i>followed by at
least one space or blank line</i></b>,</li>
<li>followed by "<b>href</b>" (for "Hypertext REFerence"),
<b><i>with NO spaces</i></b>,</li>
<li>followed by "<b>=</b>" (the "equal sign"), <b><i>with NO
spaces</i></b>,</li>
<li>followed by the URL typed out, <b>surrounded with DOUBLE
quotes, <i>and NO spaces</i></b>,</li>
<li>and terminated with "&gt;", <b><i>and NO spaces</i></b>,</li>
<li>followed by whatever text you want to be blue and
underlined<br/>
 (i.e, the link name itself; this can be as long as you want and
can have spaces in it),</li>
<li>and ending with the mark <b>&lt;/A&gt;</b>.</li>
</ul>
<p>Any URL can be linked this way. Clicking on it will go to that
page, just as if you had typed it into Netscape, or "opened" it
from a menu.</p>
<hr></hr>
<p><a href="wow">Back to the Linguistics 114 home page</a><br/>
 The URL of this page is:
<b>http://www.umich.edu/~jlawler/html.sample.html</b><br/>
 <i>Last change 2/19/01 <a href="http://www.umich.edu/~jlawler/">John Lawler</a></i></p>
<center>
<h1>Samples of HTML codes</h1>
</center>
<hr></hr>
<hr></hr>
<p>(Note: Multiple spaces and multiple lines in the source file are
ignored.)</p>
<p>Examples of various type sizes:</p>
<h1>This is &lt;H1&gt;</h1>
<h2>This is &lt;H2&gt;</h2>
<h3>This is &lt;H3&gt;</h3>
<h4>This is &lt;H4&gt;</h4>
<p>Now we're back to ordinary-size type. All type can be made
<i>italic</i>, <b>boldface</b>, or <b><i>boldface
italic</i></b>.</p>
<p>The marker &lt;b&gt; or &lt;B&gt; starts <b>boldface</b>, and
the marker &lt;/b&gt; or &lt;/B&gt; ends it.</p>
<p>The marker &lt;i&gt; or &lt;I&gt; starts <i>italic</i>, and
&lt;/i&gt; or &lt;/I&gt; ends it.</p>
<p>Use both together: &lt;i&gt;&lt;b&gt; to do <i><b>bold
italic</b></i>; and close both (in either order)
&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/I&gt; to end it.</p>
<p>(This all assumes you know <b><i>why</i></b> you'd want to use
either one, of course;<br/>
 knowing how to use HTML is <b>not</b> a substitute for knowing how
to write.)</p>
<p>HTML is very handy for making lists. There are several
types:</p>
<ol>
<li style="list-style-type: none; list-style-image: none">This is
an "ordered list", using numbers.</li>
<li>The HTML marker to begin an <b>ordered</b> list is
<b>&lt;OL&gt;</b></li>
<li>Unsurprisingly, the marker to end it is <b>&lt;/ol&gt;</b></li>
<li>Each numbered item starts with <b>&lt;li&gt;</b> (for "List
Item")</li>
<li>You <b><i>don't</i></b> have to put in the number</li>
<li>Not only that, you can't change it. Numbering is
automatic.</li>
</ol>
<ul>
<li style="list-style-type: none; list-style-image: none">This is
an "unordered list", using "bullets".</li>
<li>The HTML marker to begin an <b>UNordered</b> list is
<b>&lt;UL&gt;</b></li>
<li>The marker to end it is <b>&lt;/ul&gt;</b></li>
<li>Each "bullet point" also starts with <b>&lt;li&gt;</b></li>
</ul>
<dl>
<dt>There is also a "Directory List", which is useful for defining
terms, and various other situations where you might want two levels
of indentation.</dt>
<dt>The HTML marker to begin a <b>Directory</b> list is
<b>&lt;DL&gt;</b></dt>
<dd>... and it ends with <b>&lt;/dl&gt;</b></dd>
<dt>There are <b>two</b> types of item codes:</dt>
<dd>
<ol>
<li><b>&lt;DT&gt;</b>, which stands for "Directory Term"</li>
<li><b>&lt;DD&gt;</b>, which stands for "Directory Definition"</li>
</ol>
</dd>
<dt>Note that a Directory list doesn't <i><b>look</b></i> like a
list;</dt>
<dd><b>&lt;DT&gt;</b> skips a line, but doesn't indent, and doesn't
make a blank line, while</dd>
<dd><b>&lt;DD&gt;</b> skips a line and indents; if you happen to
have a very long line (like this one) that would wrap around, the
new line is lined up indented.</dd>
<dt>The <b>&lt;DD&gt;</b> mark was intended to be a "definition" of
the term,</dt>
<dd>but it's good for lots of other things.</dd>
<dt>Netscape's "Bookmark" list is an HTML file, formatted using
<b>&lt;DL&gt;</b>;</dt>
<dd>most of the "Hot List" pages on the Web started off being
bookmark files.</dd>
<dt>There is no automatic "bullet" with list items in a Directory
List, but</dt>
</dl>
<ul class="noindent">
<li>if you want a bullet to appear, you can use <b>&lt;li&gt;
<i>after</i> &lt;dt&gt;</b>, like this 
<dl>
<dd>
<ul class="noindent">
<li>or <b><i>after</i></b> <b>&lt;dd&gt;</b>, like this</li>
<li>
<dl>
<dt>But ... <b><i>this</i></b> is what happens if you put
<b>&lt;LI&gt; <i>before</i> &lt;DT&gt;</b></dt>
</dl>
</li>
<li>
<dl>
<dd>and this is what happens with <b>&lt;LI&gt; <i>before</i>
&lt;DD&gt;</b>, so be CAREFUL.</dd>
</dl>
All kinds of lists start and end with implicit Paragraph
marks.</li>
</ul>
</dd>
</dl>
</li>
</ul>
<p>All of the marks above are just text formatting commands -- the
sort of thing any wordprocessor does; but the real power of HTML,
and the Web generally, lies in <b>HyperText</b>, that is, the
ability to link one page to another so that it becomes a "hot
link". These are the blue, underlined text pieces that you click
on. They're called "anchors" in HTML, and they use the <b>&lt;A
...&gt; ... &lt;/A&gt;</b> marker.</p>
<p><a id="link.how" name="link.how"></a>A link like the following
one to my home page: <a href="http://www.umich.edu/~jlawler/">John
Lawler</a> looks like this in HTML:</p>
<dl>
<dd><b>&lt;A href="http://www.umich.edu/~jlawler/"&gt;John
Lawler&lt;/A&gt;</b></dd>
</dl>
<ul>
<li style="list-style-type: none; list-style-image: none">This
consists of the following parts:</li>
<li>It begins with the mark "<b>&lt;A</b>", <b><i>followed by at
least one space or blank line</i></b>,</li>
<li>followed by "<b>href</b>" (for "Hypertext REFerence"),
<b><i>with NO spaces</i></b>,</li>
<li>followed by "<b>=</b>" (the "equal sign"), <b><i>with NO
spaces</i></b>,</li>
<li>followed by the URL typed out, <b>surrounded with DOUBLE
quotes, <i>and NO spaces</i></b>,</li>
<li>and terminated with "&gt;", <b><i>and NO spaces</i></b>,</li>
<li>followed by whatever text you want to be blue and
underlined<br/>
 (i.e, the link name itself; this can be as long as you want and
can have spaces in it),</li>
<li>and ending with the mark <b>&lt;/A&gt;</b>.</li>
</ul>
<p>Any URL can be linked this way. Clicking on it will go to that
page, just as if you had typed it into Netscape, or "opened" it
from a menu.</p>
<hr></hr>
<p><a href="wow">Back to the Linguistics 114 home page</a><br/>
 The URL of this page is:
<b>http://www.umich.edu/~jlawler/html.sample.html</b><br/>
 <i>Last change 2/19/01 <a href="http://www.umich.edu/~jlawler/">John Lawler</a></i></p>
<center>
<h1>Samples of HTML codes</h1>
</center>
<hr></hr>
<hr></hr>
<p>(Note: Multiple spaces and multiple lines in the source file are
ignored.)</p>
<p>Examples of various type sizes:</p>
<h1>This is &lt;H1&gt;</h1>
<h2>This is &lt;H2&gt;</h2>
<h3>This is &lt;H3&gt;</h3>
<h4>This is &lt;H4&gt;</h4>
<p>Now we're back to ordinary-size type. All type can be made
<i>italic</i>, <b>boldface</b>, or <b><i>boldface
italic</i></b>.</p>
<p>The marker &lt;b&gt; or &lt;B&gt; starts <b>boldface</b>, and
the marker &lt;/b&gt; or &lt;/B&gt; ends it.</p>
<p>The marker &lt;i&gt; or &lt;I&gt; starts <i>italic</i>, and
&lt;/i&gt; or &lt;/I&gt; ends it.</p>
<p>Use both together: &lt;i&gt;&lt;b&gt; to do <i><b>bold
italic</b></i>; and close both (in either order)
&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/I&gt; to end it.</p>
<p>(This all assumes you know <b><i>why</i></b> you'd want to use
either one, of course;<br/>
 knowing how to use HTML is <b>not</b> a substitute for knowing how
to write.)</p>
<p>HTML is very handy for making lists. There are several
types:</p>
<ol>
<li style="list-style-type: none; list-style-image: none">This is
an "ordered list", using numbers.</li>
<li>The HTML marker to begin an <b>ordered</b> list is
<b>&lt;OL&gt;</b></li>
<li>Unsurprisingly, the marker to end it is <b>&lt;/ol&gt;</b></li>
<li>Each numbered item starts with <b>&lt;li&gt;</b> (for "List
Item")</li>
<li>You <b><i>don't</i></b> have to put in the number</li>
<li>Not only that, you can't change it. Numbering is
automatic.</li>
</ol>
<ul>
<li style="list-style-type: none; list-style-image: none">This is
an "unordered list", using "bullets".</li>
<li>The HTML marker to begin an <b>UNordered</b> list is
<b>&lt;UL&gt;</b></li>
<li>The marker to end it is <b>&lt;/ul&gt;</b></li>
<li>Each "bullet point" also starts with <b>&lt;li&gt;</b></li>
</ul>
<dl>
<dt>There is also a "Directory List", which is useful for defining
terms, and various other situations where you might want two levels
of indentation.</dt>
<dt>The HTML marker to begin a <b>Directory</b> list is
<b>&lt;DL&gt;</b></dt>
<dd>... and it ends with <b>&lt;/dl&gt;</b></dd>
<dt>There are <b>two</b> types of item codes:</dt>
<dd>
<ol>
<li><b>&lt;DT&gt;</b>, which stands for "Directory Term"</li>
<li><b>&lt;DD&gt;</b>, which stands for "Directory Definition"</li>
</ol>
</dd>
<dt>Note that a Directory list doesn't <i><b>look</b></i> like a
list;</dt>
<dd><b>&lt;DT&gt;</b> skips a line, but doesn't indent, and doesn't
make a blank line, while</dd>
<dd><b>&lt;DD&gt;</b> skips a line and indents; if you happen to
have a very long line (like this one) that would wrap around, the
new line is lined up indented.</dd>
<dt>The <b>&lt;DD&gt;</b> mark was intended to be a "definition" of
the term,</dt>
<dd>but it's good for lots of other things.</dd>
<dt>Netscape's "Bookmark" list is an HTML file, formatted using
<b>&lt;DL&gt;</b>;</dt>
<dd>most of the "Hot List" pages on the Web started off being
bookmark files.</dd>
<dt>There is no automatic "bullet" with list items in a Directory
List, but</dt>
</dl>
<ul class="noindent">
<li>if you want a bullet to appear, you can use <b>&lt;li&gt;
<i>after</i> &lt;dt&gt;</b>, like this 
<dl>
<dd>
<ul class="noindent">
<li>or <b><i>after</i></b> <b>&lt;dd&gt;</b>, like this</li>
<li>
<dl>
<dt>But ... <b><i>this</i></b> is what happens if you put
<b>&lt;LI&gt; <i>before</i> &lt;DT&gt;</b></dt>
</dl>
</li>
<li>
<dl>
<dd>and this is what happens with <b>&lt;LI&gt; <i>before</i>
&lt;DD&gt;</b>, so be CAREFUL.</dd>
</dl>
All kinds of lists start and end with implicit Paragraph
marks.</li>
</ul>
</dd>
</dl>
</li>
</ul>
<p>All of the marks above are just text formatting commands -- the
sort of thing any wordprocessor does; but the real power of HTML,
and the Web generally, lies in <b>HyperText</b>, that is, the
ability to link one page to another so that it becomes a "hot
link". These are the blue, underlined text pieces that you click
on. They're called "anchors" in HTML, and they use the <b>&lt;A
...&gt; ... &lt;/A&gt;</b> marker.</p>
<p><a id="link.how" name="link.how"></a>A link like the following
one to my home page: <a href="http://www.umich.edu/~jlawler/">John
Lawler</a> looks like this in HTML:</p>
<dl>
<dd><b>&lt;A href="http://www.umich.edu/~jlawler/"&gt;John
Lawler&lt;/A&gt;</b></dd>
</dl>
<ul>
<li style="list-style-type: none; list-style-image: none">This
consists of the following parts:</li>
<li>It begins with the mark "<b>&lt;A</b>", <b><i>followed by at
least one space or blank line</i></b>,</li>
<li>followed by "<b>href</b>" (for "Hypertext REFerence"),
<b><i>with NO spaces</i></b>,</li>
<li>followed by "<b>=</b>" (the "equal sign"), <b><i>with NO
spaces</i></b>,</li>
<li>followed by the URL typed out, <b>surrounded with DOUBLE
quotes, <i>and NO spaces</i></b>,</li>
<li>and terminated with "&gt;", <b><i>and NO spaces</i></b>,</li>
<li>followed by whatever text you want to be blue and
underlined<br/>
 (i.e, the link name itself; this can be as long as you want and
can have spaces in it),</li>
<li>and ending with the mark <b>&lt;/A&gt;</b>.</li>
</ul>
<p>Any URL can be linked this way. Clicking on it will go to that
page, just as if you had typed it into Netscape, or "opened" it
from a menu.</p>
<hr></hr>
<p><a href="wow">Back to the Linguistics 114 home page</a><br/>
 The URL of this page is:
<b>http://www.umich.edu/~jlawler/html.sample.html</b><br/>
 <i>Last change 2/19/01 <a href="http://www.umich.edu/~jlawler/">John Lawler</a></i></p>
<center>
<h1>Samples of HTML codes</h1>
</center>
<hr></hr>
<hr></hr>
<p>(Note: Multiple spaces and multiple lines in the source file are
ignored.)</p>
<p>Examples of various type sizes:</p>
<h1>This is &lt;H1&gt;</h1>
<h2>This is &lt;H2&gt;</h2>
<h3>This is &lt;H3&gt;</h3>
<h4>This is &lt;H4&gt;</h4>
<p>Now we're back to ordinary-size type. All type can be made
<i>italic</i>, <b>boldface</b>, or <b><i>boldface
italic</i></b>.</p>
<p>The marker &lt;b&gt; or &lt;B&gt; starts <b>boldface</b>, and
the marker &lt;/b&gt; or &lt;/B&gt; ends it.</p>
<p>The marker &lt;i&gt; or &lt;I&gt; starts <i>italic</i>, and
&lt;/i&gt; or &lt;/I&gt; ends it.</p>
<p>Use both together: &lt;i&gt;&lt;b&gt; to do <i><b>bold
italic</b></i>; and close both (in either order)
&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/I&gt; to end it.</p>
<p>(This all assumes you know <b><i>why</i></b> you'd want to use
either one, of course;<br/>
 knowing how to use HTML is <b>not</b> a substitute for knowing how
to write.)</p>
<p>HTML is very handy for making lists. There are several
types:</p>
<ol>
<li style="list-style-type: none; list-style-image: none">This is
an "ordered list", using numbers.</li>
<li>The HTML marker to begin an <b>ordered</b> list is
<b>&lt;OL&gt;</b></li>
<li>Unsurprisingly, the marker to end it is <b>&lt;/ol&gt;</b></li>
<li>Each numbered item starts with <b>&lt;li&gt;</b> (for "List
Item")</li>
<li>You <b><i>don't</i></b> have to put in the number</li>
<li>Not only that, you can't change it. Numbering is
automatic.</li>
</ol>
<ul>
<li style="list-style-type: none; list-style-image: none">This is
an "unordered list", using "bullets".</li>
<li>The HTML marker to begin an <b>UNordered</b> list is
<b>&lt;UL&gt;</b></li>
<li>The marker to end it is <b>&lt;/ul&gt;</b></li>
<li>Each "bullet point" also starts with <b>&lt;li&gt;</b></li>
</ul>
<dl>
<dt>There is also a "Directory List", which is useful for defining
terms, and various other situations where you might want two levels
of indentation.</dt>
<dt>The HTML marker to begin a <b>Directory</b> list is
<b>&lt;DL&gt;</b></dt>
<dd>... and it ends with <b>&lt;/dl&gt;</b></dd>
<dt>There are <b>two</b> types of item codes:</dt>
<dd>
<ol>
<li><b>&lt;DT&gt;</b>, which stands for "Directory Term"</li>
<li><b>&lt;DD&gt;</b>, which stands for "Directory Definition"</li>
</ol>
</dd>
<dt>Note that a Directory list doesn't <i><b>look</b></i> like a
list;</dt>
<dd><b>&lt;DT&gt;</b> skips a line, but doesn't indent, and doesn't
make a blank line, while</dd>
<dd><b>&lt;DD&gt;</b> skips a line and indents; if you happen to
have a very long line (like this one) that would wrap around, the
new line is lined up indented.</dd>
<dt>The <b>&lt;DD&gt;</b> mark was intended to be a "definition" of
the term,</dt>
<dd>but it's good for lots of other things.</dd>
<dt>Netscape's "Bookmark" list is an HTML file, formatted using
<b>&lt;DL&gt;</b>;</dt>
<dd>most of the "Hot List" pages on the Web started off being
bookmark files.</dd>
<dt>There is no automatic "bullet" with list items in a Directory
List, but</dt>
</dl>
<ul class="noindent">
<li>if you want a bullet to appear, you can use <b>&lt;li&gt;
<i>after</i> &lt;dt&gt;</b>, like this 
<dl>
<dd>
<ul class="noindent">
<li>or <b><i>after</i></b> <b>&lt;dd&gt;</b>, like this</li>
<li>
<dl>
<dt>But ... <b><i>this</i></b> is what happens if you put
<b>&lt;LI&gt; <i>before</i> &lt;DT&gt;</b></dt>
</dl>
</li>
<li>
<dl>
<dd>and this is what happens with <b>&lt;LI&gt; <i>before</i>
&lt;DD&gt;</b>, so be CAREFUL.</dd>
</dl>
All kinds of lists start and end with implicit Paragraph
marks.</li>
</ul>
</dd>
</dl>
</li>
</ul>
<p>All of the marks above are just text formatting commands -- the
sort of thing any wordprocessor does; but the real power of HTML,
and the Web generally, lies in <b>HyperText</b>, that is, the
ability to link one page to another so that it becomes a "hot
link". These are the blue, underlined text pieces that you click
on. They're called "anchors" in HTML, and they use the <b>&lt;A
...&gt; ... &lt;/A&gt;</b> marker.</p>
<p><a id="link.how" name="link.how"></a>A link like the following
one to my home page: <a href="http://www.umich.edu/~jlawler/">John
Lawler</a> looks like this in HTML:</p>
<dl>
<dd><b>&lt;A href="http://www.umich.edu/~jlawler/"&gt;John
Lawler&lt;/A&gt;</b></dd>
</dl>
<ul>
<li style="list-style-type: none; list-style-image: none">This
consists of the following parts:</li>
<li>It begins with the mark "<b>&lt;A</b>", <b><i>followed by at
least one space or blank line</i></b>,</li>
<li>followed by "<b>href</b>" (for "Hypertext REFerence"),
<b><i>with NO spaces</i></b>,</li>
<li>followed by "<b>=</b>" (the "equal sign"), <b><i>with NO
spaces</i></b>,</li>
<li>followed by the URL typed out, <b>surrounded with DOUBLE
quotes, <i>and NO spaces</i></b>,</li>
<li>and terminated with "&gt;", <b><i>and NO spaces</i></b>,</li>
<li>followed by whatever text you want to be blue and
underlined<br/>
 (i.e, the link name itself; this can be as long as you want and
can have spaces in it),</li>
<li>and ending with the mark <b>&lt;/A&gt;</b>.</li>
</ul>
<p>Any URL can be linked this way. Clicking on it will go to that
page, just as if you had typed it into Netscape, or "opened" it
from a menu.</p>
<hr></hr>
<p><a href="wow">Back to the Linguistics 114 home page</a><br/>
 The URL of this page is:
<b>http://www.umich.edu/~jlawler/html.sample.html</b><br/>
 <i>Last change 2/19/01 <a href="http://www.umich.edu/~jlawler/">John Lawler</a></i></p>
<center>
<h1>Samples of HTML codes</h1>
</center>
<hr></hr>
<hr></hr>
<p>(Note: Multiple spaces and multiple lines in the source file are
ignored.)</p>
<p>Examples of various type sizes:</p>
<h1>This is &lt;H1&gt;</h1>
<h2>This is &lt;H2&gt;</h2>
<h3>This is &lt;H3&gt;</h3>
<h4>This is &lt;H4&gt;</h4>
<p>Now we're back to ordinary-size type. All type can be made
<i>italic</i>, <b>boldface</b>, or <b><i>boldface
italic</i></b>.</p>
<p>The marker &lt;b&gt; or &lt;B&gt; starts <b>boldface</b>, and
the marker &lt;/b&gt; or &lt;/B&gt; ends it.</p>
<p>The marker &lt;i&gt; or &lt;I&gt; starts <i>italic</i>, and
&lt;/i&gt; or &lt;/I&gt; ends it.</p>
<p>Use both together: &lt;i&gt;&lt;b&gt; to do <i><b>bold
italic</b></i>; and close both (in either order)
&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/I&gt; to end it.</p>
<p>(This all assumes you know <b><i>why</i></b> you'd want to use
either one, of course;<br/>
 knowing how to use HTML is <b>not</b> a substitute for knowing how
to write.)</p>
<p>HTML is very handy for making lists. There are several
types:</p>
<ol>
<li style="list-style-type: none; list-style-image: none">This is
an "ordered list", using numbers.</li>
<li>The HTML marker to begin an <b>ordered</b> list is
<b>&lt;OL&gt;</b></li>
<li>Unsurprisingly, the marker to end it is <b>&lt;/ol&gt;</b></li>
<li>Each numbered item starts with <b>&lt;li&gt;</b> (for "List
Item")</li>
<li>You <b><i>don't</i></b> have to put in the number</li>
<li>Not only that, you can't change it. Numbering is
automatic.</li>
</ol>
<ul>
<li style="list-style-type: none; list-style-image: none">This is
an "unordered list", using "bullets".</li>
<li>The HTML marker to begin an <b>UNordered</b> list is
<b>&lt;UL&gt;</b></li>
<li>The marker to end it is <b>&lt;/ul&gt;</b></li>
<li>Each "bullet point" also starts with <b>&lt;li&gt;</b></li>
</ul>
<dl>
<dt>There is also a "Directory List", which is useful for defining
terms, and various other situations where you might want two levels
of indentation.</dt>
<dt>The HTML marker to begin a <b>Directory</b> list is
<b>&lt;DL&gt;</b></dt>
<dd>... and it ends with <b>&lt;/dl&gt;</b></dd>
<dt>There are <b>two</b> types of item codes:</dt>
<dd>
<ol>
<li><b>&lt;DT&gt;</b>, which stands for "Directory Term"</li>
<li><b>&lt;DD&gt;</b>, which stands for "Directory Definition"</li>
</ol>
</dd>
<dt>Note that a Directory list doesn't <i><b>look</b></i> like a
list;</dt>
<dd><b>&lt;DT&gt;</b> skips a line, but doesn't indent, and doesn't
make a blank line, while</dd>
<dd><b>&lt;DD&gt;</b> skips a line and indents; if you happen to
have a very long line (like this one) that would wrap around, the
new line is lined up indented.</dd>
<dt>The <b>&lt;DD&gt;</b> mark was intended to be a "definition" of
the term,</dt>
<dd>but it's good for lots of other things.</dd>
<dt>Netscape's "Bookmark" list is an HTML file, formatted using
<b>&lt;DL&gt;</b>;</dt>
<dd>most of the "Hot List" pages on the Web started off being
bookmark files.</dd>
<dt>There is no automatic "bullet" with list items in a Directory
List, but</dt>
</dl>
<ul class="noindent">
<li>if you want a bullet to appear, you can use <b>&lt;li&gt;
<i>after</i> &lt;dt&gt;</b>, like this 
<dl>
<dd>
<ul class="noindent">
<li>or <b><i>after</i></b> <b>&lt;dd&gt;</b>, like this</li>
<li>
<dl>
<dt>But ... <b><i>this</i></b> is what happens if you put
<b>&lt;LI&gt; <i>before</i> &lt;DT&gt;</b></dt>
</dl>
</li>
<li>
<dl>
<dd>and this is what happens with <b>&lt;LI&gt; <i>before</i>
&lt;DD&gt;</b>, so be CAREFUL.</dd>
</dl>
All kinds of lists start and end with implicit Paragraph
marks.</li>
</ul>
</dd>
</dl>
</li>
</ul>
<p>All of the marks above are just text formatting commands -- the
sort of thing any wordprocessor does; but the real power of HTML,
and the Web generally, lies in <b>HyperText</b>, that is, the
ability to link one page to another so that it becomes a "hot
link". These are the blue, underlined text pieces that you click
on. They're called "anchors" in HTML, and they use the <b>&lt;A
...&gt; ... &lt;/A&gt;</b> marker.</p>
<p><a id="link.how" name="link.how"></a>A link like the following
one to my home page: <a href="http://www.umich.edu/~jlawler/">John
Lawler</a> looks like this in HTML:</p>
<dl>
<dd><b>&lt;A href="http://www.umich.edu/~jlawler/"&gt;John
Lawler&lt;/A&gt;</b></dd>
</dl>
<ul>
<li style="list-style-type: none; list-style-image: none">This
consists of the following parts:</li>
<li>It begins with the mark "<b>&lt;A</b>", <b><i>followed by at
least one space or blank line</i></b>,</li>
<li>followed by "<b>href</b>" (for "Hypertext REFerence"),
<b><i>with NO spaces</i></b>,</li>
<li>followed by "<b>=</b>" (the "equal sign"), <b><i>with NO
spaces</i></b>,</li>
<li>followed by the URL typed out, <b>surrounded with DOUBLE
quotes, <i>and NO spaces</i></b>,</li>
<li>and terminated with "&gt;", <b><i>and NO spaces</i></b>,</li>
<li>followed by whatever text you want to be blue and
underlined<br/>
 (i.e, the link name itself; this can be as long as you want and
can have spaces in it),</li>
<li>and ending with the mark <b>&lt;/A&gt;</b>.</li>
</ul>
<p>Any URL can be linked this way. Clicking on it will go to that
page, just as if you had typed it into Netscape, or "opened" it
from a menu.</p>
<hr></hr>
<p><a href="wow">Back to the Linguistics 114 home page</a><br/>
 The URL of this page is:
<b>http://www.umich.edu/~jlawler/html.sample.html</b><br/>
 <i>Last change 2/19/01 <a href="http://www.umich.edu/~jlawler/">John Lawler</a></i></p>
<center>
<h1>Samples of HTML codes</h1>
</center>
<hr></hr>
<hr></hr>
<p>(Note: Multiple spaces and multiple lines in the source file are
ignored.)</p>
<p>Examples of various type sizes:</p>
<h1>This is &lt;H1&gt;</h1>
<h2>This is &lt;H2&gt;</h2>
<h3>This is &lt;H3&gt;</h3>
<h4>This is &lt;H4&gt;</h4>
<p>Now we're back to ordinary-size type. All type can be made
<i>italic</i>, <b>boldface</b>, or <b><i>boldface
italic</i></b>.</p>
<p>The marker &lt;b&gt; or &lt;B&gt; starts <b>boldface</b>, and
the marker &lt;/b&gt; or &lt;/B&gt; ends it.</p>
<p>The marker &lt;i&gt; or &lt;I&gt; starts <i>italic</i>, and
&lt;/i&gt; or &lt;/I&gt; ends it.</p>
<p>Use both together: &lt;i&gt;&lt;b&gt; to do <i><b>bold
italic</b></i>; and close both (in either order)
&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/I&gt; to end it.</p>
<p>(This all assumes you know <b><i>why</i></b> you'd want to use
either one, of course;<br/>
 knowing how to use HTML is <b>not</b> a substitute for knowing how
to write.)</p>
<p>HTML is very handy for making lists. There are several
types:</p>
<ol>
<li style="list-style-type: none; list-style-image: none">This is
an "ordered list", using numbers.</li>
<li>The HTML marker to begin an <b>ordered</b> list is
<b>&lt;OL&gt;</b></li>
<li>Unsurprisingly, the marker to end it is <b>&lt;/ol&gt;</b></li>
<li>Each numbered item starts with <b>&lt;li&gt;</b> (for "List
Item")</li>
<li>You <b><i>don't</i></b> have to put in the number</li>
<li>Not only that, you can't change it. Numbering is
automatic.</li>
</ol>
<ul>
<li style="list-style-type: none; list-style-image: none">This is
an "unordered list", using "bullets".</li>
<li>The HTML marker to begin an <b>UNordered</b> list is
<b>&lt;UL&gt;</b></li>
<li>The marker to end it is <b>&lt;/ul&gt;</b></li>
<li>Each "bullet point" also starts with <b>&lt;li&gt;</b></li>
</ul>
<dl>
<dt>There is also a "Directory List", which is useful for defining
terms, and various other situations where you might want two levels
of indentation.</dt>
<dt>The HTML marker to begin a <b>Directory</b> list is
<b>&lt;DL&gt;</b></dt>
<dd>... and it ends with <b>&lt;/dl&gt;</b></dd>
<dt>There are <b>two</b> types of item codes:</dt>
<dd>
<ol>
<li><b>&lt;DT&gt;</b>, which stands for "Directory Term"</li>
<li><b>&lt;DD&gt;</b>, which stands for "Directory Definition"</li>
</ol>
</dd>
<dt>Note that a Directory list doesn't <i><b>look</b></i> like a
list;</dt>
<dd><b>&lt;DT&gt;</b> skips a line, but doesn't indent, and doesn't
make a blank line, while</dd>
<dd><b>&lt;DD&gt;</b> skips a line and indents; if you happen to
have a very long line (like this one) that would wrap around, the
new line is lined up indented.</dd>
<dt>The <b>&lt;DD&gt;</b> mark was intended to be a "definition" of
the term,</dt>
<dd>but it's good for lots of other things.</dd>
<dt>Netscape's "Bookmark" list is an HTML file, formatted using
<b>&lt;DL&gt;</b>;</dt>
<dd>most of the "Hot List" pages on the Web started off being
bookmark files.</dd>
<dt>There is no automatic "bullet" with list items in a Directory
List, but</dt>
</dl>
<ul class="noindent">
<li>if you want a bullet to appear, you can use <b>&lt;li&gt;
<i>after</i> &lt;dt&gt;</b>, like this 
<dl>
<dd>
<ul class="noindent">
<li>or <b><i>after</i></b> <b>&lt;dd&gt;</b>, like this</li>
<li>
<dl>
<dt>But ... <b><i>this</i></b> is what happens if you put
<b>&lt;LI&gt; <i>before</i> &lt;DT&gt;</b></dt>
</dl>
</li>
<li>
<dl>
<dd>and this is what happens with <b>&lt;LI&gt; <i>before</i>
&lt;DD&gt;</b>, so be CAREFUL.</dd>
</dl>
All kinds of lists start and end with implicit Paragraph
marks.</li>
</ul>
</dd>
</dl>
</li>
</ul>
<p>All of the marks above are just text formatting commands -- the
sort of thing any wordprocessor does; but the real power of HTML,
and the Web generally, lies in <b>HyperText</b>, that is, the
ability to link one page to another so that it becomes a "hot
link". These are the blue, underlined text pieces that you click
on. They're called "anchors" in HTML, and they use the <b>&lt;A
...&gt; ... &lt;/A&gt;</b> marker.</p>
<p><a id="link.how" name="link.how"></a>A link like the following
one to my home page: <a href="http://www.umich.edu/~jlawler/">John
Lawler</a> looks like this in HTML:</p>
<dl>
<dd><b>&lt;A href="http://www.umich.edu/~jlawler/"&gt;John
Lawler&lt;/A&gt;</b></dd>
</dl>
<ul>
<li style="list-style-type: none; list-style-image: none">This
consists of the following parts:</li>
<li>It begins with the mark "<b>&lt;A</b>", <b><i>followed by at
least one space or blank line</i></b>,</li>
<li>followed by "<b>href</b>" (for "Hypertext REFerence"),
<b><i>with NO spaces</i></b>,</li>
<li>followed by "<b>=</b>" (the "equal sign"), <b><i>with NO
spaces</i></b>,</li>
<li>followed by the URL typed out, <b>surrounded with DOUBLE
quotes, <i>and NO spaces</i></b>,</li>
<li>and terminated with "&gt;", <b><i>and NO spaces</i></b>,</li>
<li>followed by whatever text you want to be blue and
underlined<br/>
 (i.e, the link name itself; this can be as long as you want and
can have spaces in it),</li>
<li>and ending with the mark <b>&lt;/A&gt;</b>.</li>
</ul>
<p>Any URL can be linked this way. Clicking on it will go to that
page, just as if you had typed it into Netscape, or "opened" it
from a menu.</p>
<hr></hr>
<p><a href="wow">Back to the Linguistics 114 home page</a><br/>
 The URL of this page is:
<b>http://www.umich.edu/~jlawler/html.sample.html</b><br/>
 <i>Last change 2/19/01 <a href="http://www.umich.edu/~jlawler/">John Lawler</a></i></p>
<center>
<h1>Samples of HTML codes</h1>
</center>
<hr></hr>
<hr></hr>
<p>(Note: Multiple spaces and multiple lines in the source file are
ignored.)</p>
<p>Examples of various type sizes:</p>
<h1>This is &lt;H1&gt;</h1>
<h2>This is &lt;H2&gt;</h2>
<h3>This is &lt;H3&gt;</h3>
<h4>This is &lt;H4&gt;</h4>
<p>Now we're back to ordinary-size type. All type can be made
<i>italic</i>, <b>boldface</b>, or <b><i>boldface
italic</i></b>.</p>
<p>The marker &lt;b&gt; or &lt;B&gt; starts <b>boldface</b>, and
the marker &lt;/b&gt; or &lt;/B&gt; ends it.</p>
<p>The marker &lt;i&gt; or &lt;I&gt; starts <i>italic</i>, and
&lt;/i&gt; or &lt;/I&gt; ends it.</p>
<p>Use both together: &lt;i&gt;&lt;b&gt; to do <i><b>bold
italic</b></i>; and close both (in either order)
&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/I&gt; to end it.</p>
<p>(This all assumes you know <b><i>why</i></b> you'd want to use
either one, of course;<br/>
 knowing how to use HTML is <b>not</b> a substitute for knowing how
to write.)</p>
<p>HTML is very handy for making lists. There are several
types:</p>
<ol>
<li style="list-style-type: none; list-style-image: none">This is
an "ordered list", using numbers.</li>
<li>The HTML marker to begin an <b>ordered</b> list is
<b>&lt;OL&gt;</b></li>
<li>Unsurprisingly, the marker to end it is <b>&lt;/ol&gt;</b></li>
<li>Each numbered item starts with <b>&lt;li&gt;</b> (for "List
Item")</li>
<li>You <b><i>don't</i></b> have to put in the number</li>
<li>Not only that, you can't change it. Numbering is
automatic.</li>
</ol>
<ul>
<li style="list-style-type: none; list-style-image: none">This is
an "unordered list", using "bullets".</li>
<li>The HTML marker to begin an <b>UNordered</b> list is
<b>&lt;UL&gt;</b></li>
<li>The marker to end it is <b>&lt;/ul&gt;</b></li>
<li>Each "bullet point" also starts with <b>&lt;li&gt;</b></li>
</ul>
<dl>
<dt>There is also a "Directory List", which is useful for defining
terms, and various other situations where you might want two levels
of indentation.</dt>
<dt>The HTML marker to begin a <b>Directory</b> list is
<b>&lt;DL&gt;</b></dt>
<dd>... and it ends with <b>&lt;/dl&gt;</b></dd>
<dt>There are <b>two</b> types of item codes:</dt>
<dd>
<ol>
<li><b>&lt;DT&gt;</b>, which stands for "Directory Term"</li>
<li><b>&lt;DD&gt;</b>, which stands for "Directory Definition"</li>
</ol>
</dd>
<dt>Note that a Directory list doesn't <i><b>look</b></i> like a
list;</dt>
<dd><b>&lt;DT&gt;</b> skips a line, but doesn't indent, and doesn't
make a blank line, while</dd>
<dd><b>&lt;DD&gt;</b> skips a line and indents; if you happen to
have a very long line (like this one) that would wrap around, the
new line is lined up indented.</dd>
<dt>The <b>&lt;DD&gt;</b> mark was intended to be a "definition" of
the term,</dt>
<dd>but it's good for lots of other things.</dd>
<dt>Netscape's "Bookmark" list is an HTML file, formatted using
<b>&lt;DL&gt;</b>;</dt>
<dd>most of the "Hot List" pages on the Web started off being
bookmark files.</dd>
<dt>There is no automatic "bullet" with list items in a Directory
List, but</dt>
</dl>
<ul class="noindent">
<li>if you want a bullet to appear, you can use <b>&lt;li&gt;
<i>after</i> &lt;dt&gt;</b>, like this 
<dl>
<dd>
<ul class="noindent">
<li>or <b><i>after</i></b> <b>&lt;dd&gt;</b>, like this</li>
<li>
<dl>
<dt>But ... <b><i>this</i></b> is what happens if you put
<b>&lt;LI&gt; <i>before</i> &lt;DT&gt;</b></dt>
</dl>
</li>
<li>
<dl>
<dd>and this is what happens with <b>&lt;LI&gt; <i>before</i>
&lt;DD&gt;</b>, so be CAREFUL.</dd>
</dl>
All kinds of lists start and end with implicit Paragraph
marks.</li>
</ul>
</dd>
</dl>
</li>
</ul>
<p>All of the marks above are just text formatting commands -- the
sort of thing any wordprocessor does; but the real power of HTML,
and the Web generally, lies in <b>HyperText</b>, that is, the
ability to link one page to another so that it becomes a "hot
link". These are the blue, underlined text pieces that you click
on. They're called "anchors" in HTML, and they use the <b>&lt;A
...&gt; ... &lt;/A&gt;</b> marker.</p>
<p><a id="link.how" name="link.how"></a>A link like the following
one to my home page: <a href="http://www.umich.edu/~jlawler/">John
Lawler</a> looks like this in HTML:</p>
<dl>
<dd><b>&lt;A href="http://www.umich.edu/~jlawler/"&gt;John
Lawler&lt;/A&gt;</b></dd>
</dl>
<ul>
<li style="list-style-type: none; list-style-image: none">This
consists of the following parts:</li>
<li>It begins with the mark "<b>&lt;A</b>", <b><i>followed by at
least one space or blank line</i></b>,</li>
<li>followed by "<b>href</b>" (for "Hypertext REFerence"),
<b><i>with NO spaces</i></b>,</li>
<li>followed by "<b>=</b>" (the "equal sign"), <b><i>with NO
spaces</i></b>,</li>
<li>followed by the URL typed out, <b>surrounded with DOUBLE
quotes, <i>and NO spaces</i></b>,</li>
<li>and terminated with "&gt;", <b><i>and NO spaces</i></b>,</li>
<li>followed by whatever text you want to be blue and
underlined<br/>
 (i.e, the link name itself; this can be as long as you want and
can have spaces in it),</li>
<li>and ending with the mark <b>&lt;/A&gt;</b>.</li>
</ul>
<p>Any URL can be linked this way. Clicking on it will go to that
page, just as if you had typed it into Netscape, or "opened" it
from a menu.</p>
<hr></hr>
<p><a href="wow">Back to the Linguistics 114 home page</a><br/>
 The URL of this page is:
<b>http://www.umich.edu/~jlawler/html.sample.html</b><br/>
 <i>Last change 2/19/01 <a href="http://www.umich.edu/~jlawler/">John Lawler</a></i></p>
<center>
<h1>Samples of HTML codes</h1>
</center>
<hr></hr>
<hr></hr>
<p>(Note: Multiple spaces and multiple lines in the source file are
ignored.)</p>
<p>Examples of various type sizes:</p>
<h1>This is &lt;H1&gt;</h1>
<h2>This is &lt;H2&gt;</h2>
<h3>This is &lt;H3&gt;</h3>
<h4>This is &lt;H4&gt;</h4>
<p>Now we're back to ordinary-size type. All type can be made
<i>italic</i>, <b>boldface</b>, or <b><i>boldface
italic</i></b>.</p>
<p>The marker &lt;b&gt; or &lt;B&gt; starts <b>boldface</b>, and
the marker &lt;/b&gt; or &lt;/B&gt; ends it.</p>
<p>The marker &lt;i&gt; or &lt;I&gt; starts <i>italic</i>, and
&lt;/i&gt; or &lt;/I&gt; ends it.</p>
<p>Use both together: &lt;i&gt;&lt;b&gt; to do <i><b>bold
italic</b></i>; and close both (in either order)
&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/I&gt; to end it.</p>
<p>(This all assumes you know <b><i>why</i></b> you'd want to use
either one, of course;<br/>
 knowing how to use HTML is <b>not</b> a substitute for knowing how
to write.)</p>
<p>HTML is very handy for making lists. There are several
types:</p>
<ol>
<li style="list-style-type: none; list-style-image: none">This is
an "ordered list", using numbers.</li>
<li>The HTML marker to begin an <b>ordered</b> list is
<b>&lt;OL&gt;</b></li>
<li>Unsurprisingly, the marker to end it is <b>&lt;/ol&gt;</b></li>
<li>Each numbered item starts with <b>&lt;li&gt;</b> (for "List
Item")</li>
<li>You <b><i>don't</i></b> have to put in the number</li>
<li>Not only that, you can't change it. Numbering is
automatic.</li>
</ol>
<ul>
<li style="list-style-type: none; list-style-image: none">This is
an "unordered list", using "bullets".</li>
<li>The HTML marker to begin an <b>UNordered</b> list is
<b>&lt;UL&gt;</b></li>
<li>The marker to end it is <b>&lt;/ul&gt;</b></li>
<li>Each "bullet point" also starts with <b>&lt;li&gt;</b></li>
</ul>
<dl>
<dt>There is also a "Directory List", which is useful for defining
terms, and various other situations where you might want two levels
of indentation.</dt>
<dt>The HTML marker to begin a <b>Directory</b> list is
<b>&lt;DL&gt;</b></dt>
<dd>... and it ends with <b>&lt;/dl&gt;</b></dd>
<dt>There are <b>two</b> types of item codes:</dt>
<dd>
<ol>
<li><b>&lt;DT&gt;</b>, which stands for "Directory Term"</li>
<li><b>&lt;DD&gt;</b>, which stands for "Directory Definition"</li>
</ol>
</dd>
<dt>Note that a Directory list doesn't <i><b>look</b></i> like a
list;</dt>
<dd><b>&lt;DT&gt;</b> skips a line, but doesn't indent, and doesn't
make a blank line, while</dd>
<dd><b>&lt;DD&gt;</b> skips a line and indents; if you happen to
have a very long line (like this one) that would wrap around, the
new line is lined up indented.</dd>
<dt>The <b>&lt;DD&gt;</b> mark was intended to be a "definition" of
the term,</dt>
<dd>but it's good for lots of other things.</dd>
<dt>Netscape's "Bookmark" list is an HTML file, formatted using
<b>&lt;DL&gt;</b>;</dt>
<dd>most of the "Hot List" pages on the Web started off being
bookmark files.</dd>
<dt>There is no automatic "bullet" with list items in a Directory
List, but</dt>
</dl>
<ul class="noindent">
<li>if you want a bullet to appear, you can use <b>&lt;li&gt;
<i>after</i> &lt;dt&gt;</b>, like this 
<dl>
<dd>
<ul class="noindent">
<li>or <b><i>after</i></b> <b>&lt;dd&gt;</b>, like this</li>
<li>
<dl>
<dt>But ... <b><i>this</i></b> is what happens if you put
<b>&lt;LI&gt; <i>before</i> &lt;DT&gt;</b></dt>
</dl>
</li>
<li>
<dl>
<dd>and this is what happens with <b>&lt;LI&gt; <i>before</i>
&lt;DD&gt;</b>, so be CAREFUL.</dd>
</dl>
All kinds of lists start and end with implicit Paragraph
marks.</li>
</ul>
</dd>
</dl>
</li>
</ul>
<p>All of the marks above are just text formatting commands -- the
sort of thing any wordprocessor does; but the real power of HTML,
and the Web generally, lies in <b>HyperText</b>, that is, the
ability to link one page to another so that it becomes a "hot
link". These are the blue, underlined text pieces that you click
on. They're called "anchors" in HTML, and they use the <b>&lt;A
...&gt; ... &lt;/A&gt;</b> marker.</p>
<p><a id="link.how" name="link.how"></a>A link like the following
one to my home page: <a href="http://www.umich.edu/~jlawler/">John
Lawler</a> looks like this in HTML:</p>
<dl>
<dd><b>&lt;A href="http://www.umich.edu/~jlawler/"&gt;John
Lawler&lt;/A&gt;</b></dd>
</dl>
<ul>
<li style="list-style-type: none; list-style-image: none">This
consists of the following parts:</li>
<li>It begins with the mark "<b>&lt;A</b>", <b><i>followed by at
least one space or blank line</i></b>,</li>
<li>followed by "<b>href</b>" (for "Hypertext REFerence"),
<b><i>with NO spaces</i></b>,</li>
<li>followed by "<b>=</b>" (the "equal sign"), <b><i>with NO
spaces</i></b>,</li>
<li>followed by the URL typed out, <b>surrounded with DOUBLE
quotes, <i>and NO spaces</i></b>,</li>
<li>and terminated with "&gt;", <b><i>and NO spaces</i></b>,</li>
<li>followed by whatever text you want to be blue and
underlined<br/>
 (i.e, the link name itself; this can be as long as you want and
can have spaces in it),</li>
<li>and ending with the mark <b>&lt;/A&gt;</b>.</li>
</ul>
<p>Any URL can be linked this way. Clicking on it will go to that
page, just as if you had typed it into Netscape, or "opened" it
from a menu.</p>
<hr></hr>
<p><a href="wow">Back to the Linguistics 114 home page</a><br/>
 The URL of this page is:
<b>http://www.umich.edu/~jlawler/html.sample.html</b><br/>
 <i>Last change 2/19/01 <a href="http://www.umich.edu/~jlawler/">John Lawler</a></i></p>
<center>
<h1>Samples of HTML codes</h1>
</center>
<hr></hr>
<hr></hr>
<p>(Note: Multiple spaces and multiple lines in the source file are
ignored.)</p>
<p>Examples of various type sizes:</p>
<h1>This is &lt;H1&gt;</h1>
<h2>This is &lt;H2&gt;</h2>
<h3>This is &lt;H3&gt;</h3>
<h4>This is &lt;H4&gt;</h4>
<p>Now we're back to ordinary-size type. All type can be made
<i>italic</i>, <b>boldface</b>, or <b><i>boldface
italic</i></b>.</p>
<p>The marker &lt;b&gt; or &lt;B&gt; starts <b>boldface</b>, and
the marker &lt;/b&gt; or &lt;/B&gt; ends it.</p>
<p>The marker &lt;i&gt; or &lt;I&gt; starts <i>italic</i>, and
&lt;/i&gt; or &lt;/I&gt; ends it.</p>
<p>Use both together: &lt;i&gt;&lt;b&gt; to do <i><b>bold
italic</b></i>; and close both (in either order)
&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/I&gt; to end it.</p>
<p>(This all assumes you know <b><i>why</i></b> you'd want to use
either one, of course;<br/>
 knowing how to use HTML is <b>not</b> a substitute for knowing how
to write.)</p>
<p>HTML is very handy for making lists. There are several
types:</p>
<ol>
<li style="list-style-type: none; list-style-image: none">This is
an "ordered list", using numbers.</li>
<li>The HTML marker to begin an <b>ordered</b> list is
<b>&lt;OL&gt;</b></li>
<li>Unsurprisingly, the marker to end it is <b>&lt;/ol&gt;</b></li>
<li>Each numbered item starts with <b>&lt;li&gt;</b> (for "List
Item")</li>
<li>You <b><i>don't</i></b> have to put in the number</li>
<li>Not only that, you can't change it. Numbering is
automatic.</li>
</ol>
<ul>
<li style="list-style-type: none; list-style-image: none">This is
an "unordered list", using "bullets".</li>
<li>The HTML marker to begin an <b>UNordered</b> list is
<b>&lt;UL&gt;</b></li>
<li>The marker to end it is <b>&lt;/ul&gt;</b></li>
<li>Each "bullet point" also starts with <b>&lt;li&gt;</b></li>
</ul>
<dl>
<dt>There is also a "Directory List", which is useful for defining
terms, and various other situations where you might want two levels
of indentation.</dt>
<dt>The HTML marker to begin a <b>Directory</b> list is
<b>&lt;DL&gt;</b></dt>
<dd>... and it ends with <b>&lt;/dl&gt;</b></dd>
<dt>There are <b>two</b> types of item codes:</dt>
<dd>
<ol>
<li><b>&lt;DT&gt;</b>, which stands for "Directory Term"</li>
<li><b>&lt;DD&gt;</b>, which stands for "Directory Definition"</li>
</ol>
</dd>
<dt>Note that a Directory list doesn't <i><b>look</b></i> like a
list;</dt>
<dd><b>&lt;DT&gt;</b> skips a line, but doesn't indent, and doesn't
make a blank line, while</dd>
<dd><b>&lt;DD&gt;</b> skips a line and indents; if you happen to
have a very long line (like this one) that would wrap around, the
new line is lined up indented.</dd>
<dt>The <b>&lt;DD&gt;</b> mark was intended to be a "definition" of
the term,</dt>
<dd>but it's good for lots of other things.</dd>
<dt>Netscape's "Bookmark" list is an HTML file, formatted using
<b>&lt;DL&gt;</b>;</dt>
<dd>most of the "Hot List" pages on the Web started off being
bookmark files.</dd>
<dt>There is no automatic "bullet" with list items in a Directory
List, but</dt>
</dl>
<ul class="noindent">
<li>if you want a bullet to appear, you can use <b>&lt;li&gt;
<i>after</i> &lt;dt&gt;</b>, like this 
<dl>
<dd>
<ul class="noindent">
<li>or <b><i>after</i></b> <b>&lt;dd&gt;</b>, like this</li>
<li>
<dl>
<dt>But ... <b><i>this</i></b> is what happens if you put
<b>&lt;LI&gt; <i>before</i> &lt;DT&gt;</b></dt>
</dl>
</li>
<li>
<dl>
<dd>and this is what happens with <b>&lt;LI&gt; <i>before</i>
&lt;DD&gt;</b>, so be CAREFUL.</dd>
</dl>
All kinds of lists start and end with implicit Paragraph
marks.</li>
</ul>
</dd>
</dl>
</li>
</ul>
<p>All of the marks above are just text formatting commands -- the
sort of thing any wordprocessor does; but the real power of HTML,
and the Web generally, lies in <b>HyperText</b>, that is, the
ability to link one page to another so that it becomes a "hot
link". These are the blue, underlined text pieces that you click
on. They're called "anchors" in HTML, and they use the <b>&lt;A
...&gt; ... &lt;/A&gt;</b> marker.</p>
<p><a id="link.how" name="link.how"></a>A link like the following
one to my home page: <a href="http://www.umich.edu/~jlawler/">John
Lawler</a> looks like this in HTML:</p>
<dl>
<dd><b>&lt;A href="http://www.umich.edu/~jlawler/"&gt;John
Lawler&lt;/A&gt;</b></dd>
</dl>
<ul>
<li style="list-style-type: none; list-style-image: none">This
consists of the following parts:</li>
<li>It begins with the mark "<b>&lt;A</b>", <b><i>followed by at
least one space or blank line</i></b>,</li>
<li>followed by "<b>href</b>" (for "Hypertext REFerence"),
<b><i>with NO spaces</i></b>,</li>
<li>followed by "<b>=</b>" (the "equal sign"), <b><i>with NO
spaces</i></b>,</li>
<li>followed by the URL typed out, <b>surrounded with DOUBLE
quotes, <i>and NO spaces</i></b>,</li>
<li>and terminated with "&gt;", <b><i>and NO spaces</i></b>,</li>
<li>followed by whatever text you want to be blue and
underlined<br/>
 (i.e, the link name itself; this can be as long as you want and
can have spaces in it),</li>
<li>and ending with the mark <b>&lt;/A&gt;</b>.</li>
</ul>
<p>Any URL can be linked this way. Clicking on it will go to that
page, just as if you had typed it into Netscape, or "opened" it
from a menu.</p>
<hr></hr>
<p><a href="wow">Back to the Linguistics 114 home page</a><br/>
 The URL of this page is:
<b>http://www.umich.edu/~jlawler/html.sample.html</b><br/>
 <i>Last change 2/19/01 <a href="http://www.umich.edu/~jlawler/">John Lawler</a></i></p>
<center>
<h1>Samples of HTML codes</h1>
</center>
<hr></hr>
<hr></hr>
<p>(Note: Multiple spaces and multiple lines in the source file are
ignored.)</p>
<p>Examples of various type sizes:</p>
<h1>This is &lt;H1&gt;</h1>
<h2>This is &lt;H2&gt;</h2>
<h3>This is &lt;H3&gt;</h3>
<h4>This is &lt;H4&gt;</h4>
<p>Now we're back to ordinary-size type. All type can be made
<i>italic</i>, <b>boldface</b>, or <b><i>boldface
italic</i></b>.</p>
<p>The marker &lt;b&gt; or &lt;B&gt; starts <b>boldface</b>, and
the marker &lt;/b&gt; or &lt;/B&gt; ends it.</p>
<p>The marker &lt;i&gt; or &lt;I&gt; starts <i>italic</i>, and
&lt;/i&gt; or &lt;/I&gt; ends it.</p>
<p>Use both together: &lt;i&gt;&lt;b&gt; to do <i><b>bold
italic</b></i>; and close both (in either order)
&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/I&gt; to end it.</p>
<p>(This all assumes you know <b><i>why</i></b> you'd want to use
either one, of course;<br/>
 knowing how to use HTML is <b>not</b> a substitute for knowing how
to write.)</p>
<p>HTML is very handy for making lists. There are several
types:</p>
<ol>
<li style="list-style-type: none; list-style-image: none">This is
an "ordered list", using numbers.</li>
<li>The HTML marker to begin an <b>ordered</b> list is
<b>&lt;OL&gt;</b></li>
<li>Unsurprisingly, the marker to end it is <b>&lt;/ol&gt;</b></li>
<li>Each numbered item starts with <b>&lt;li&gt;</b> (for "List
Item")</li>
<li>You <b><i>don't</i></b> have to put in the number</li>
<li>Not only that, you can't change it. Numbering is
automatic.</li>
</ol>
<ul>
<li style="list-style-type: none; list-style-image: none">This is
an "unordered list", using "bullets".</li>
<li>The HTML marker to begin an <b>UNordered</b> list is
<b>&lt;UL&gt;</b></li>
<li>The marker to end it is <b>&lt;/ul&gt;</b></li>
<li>Each "bullet point" also starts with <b>&lt;li&gt;</b></li>
</ul>
<dl>
<dt>There is also a "Directory List", which is useful for defining
terms, and various other situations where you might want two levels
of indentation.</dt>
<dt>The HTML marker to begin a <b>Directory</b> list is
<b>&lt;DL&gt;</b></dt>
<dd>... and it ends with <b>&lt;/dl&gt;</b></dd>
<dt>There are <b>two</b> types of item codes:</dt>
<dd>
<ol>
<li><b>&lt;DT&gt;</b>, which stands for "Directory Term"</li>
<li><b>&lt;DD&gt;</b>, which stands for "Directory Definition"</li>
</ol>
</dd>
<dt>Note that a Directory list doesn't <i><b>look</b></i> like a
list;</dt>
<dd><b>&lt;DT&gt;</b> skips a line, but doesn't indent, and doesn't
make a blank line, while</dd>
<dd><b>&lt;DD&gt;</b> skips a line and indents; if you happen to
have a very long line (like this one) that would wrap around, the
new line is lined up indented.</dd>
<dt>The <b>&lt;DD&gt;</b> mark was intended to be a "definition" of
the term,</dt>
<dd>but it's good for lots of other things.</dd>
<dt>Netscape's "Bookmark" list is an HTML file, formatted using
<b>&lt;DL&gt;</b>;</dt>
<dd>most of the "Hot List" pages on the Web started off being
bookmark files.</dd>
<dt>There is no automatic "bullet" with list items in a Directory
List, but</dt>
</dl>
<ul class="noindent">
<li>if you want a bullet to appear, you can use <b>&lt;li&gt;
<i>after</i> &lt;dt&gt;</b>, like this 
<dl>
<dd>
<ul class="noindent">
<li>or <b><i>after</i></b> <b>&lt;dd&gt;</b>, like this</li>
<li>
<dl>
<dt>But ... <b><i>this</i></b> is what happens if you put
<b>&lt;LI&gt; <i>before</i> &lt;DT&gt;</b></dt>
</dl>
</li>
<li>
<dl>
<dd>and this is what happens with <b>&lt;LI&gt; <i>before</i>
&lt;DD&gt;</b>, so be CAREFUL.</dd>
</dl>
All kinds of lists start and end with implicit Paragraph
marks.</li>
</ul>
</dd>
</dl>
</li>
</ul>
<p>All of the marks above are just text formatting commands -- the
sort of thing any wordprocessor does; but the real power of HTML,
and the Web generally, lies in <b>HyperText</b>, that is, the
ability to link one page to another so that it becomes a "hot
link". These are the blue, underlined text pieces that you click
on. They're called "anchors" in HTML, and they use the <b>&lt;A
...&gt; ... &lt;/A&gt;</b> marker.</p>
<p><a id="link.how" name="link.how"></a>A link like the following
one to my home page: <a href="http://www.umich.edu/~jlawler/">John
Lawler</a> looks like this in HTML:</p>
<dl>
<dd><b>&lt;A href="http://www.umich.edu/~jlawler/"&gt;John
Lawler&lt;/A&gt;</b></dd>
</dl>
<ul>
<li style="list-style-type: none; list-style-image: none">This
consists of the following parts:</li>
<li>It begins with the mark "<b>&lt;A</b>", <b><i>followed by at
least one space or blank line</i></b>,</li>
<li>followed by "<b>href</b>" (for "Hypertext REFerence"),
<b><i>with NO spaces</i></b>,</li>
<li>followed by "<b>=</b>" (the "equal sign"), <b><i>with NO
spaces</i></b>,</li>
<li>followed by the URL typed out, <b>surrounded with DOUBLE
quotes, <i>and NO spaces</i></b>,</li>
<li>and terminated with "&gt;", <b><i>and NO spaces</i></b>,</li>
<li>followed by whatever text you want to be blue and
underlined<br/>
 (i.e, the link name itself; this can be as long as you want and
can have spaces in it),</li>
<li>and ending with the mark <b>&lt;/A&gt;</b>.</li>
</ul>
<p>Any URL can be linked this way. Clicking on it will go to that
page, just as if you had typed it into Netscape, or "opened" it
from a menu.</p>
<hr></hr>
<p><a href="wow">Back to the Linguistics 114 home page</a><br/>
 The URL of this page is:
<b>http://www.umich.edu/~jlawler/html.sample.html</b><br/>
 <i>Last change 2/19/01 <a href="http://www.umich.edu/~jlawler/">John Lawler</a></i></p>
<center>
<h1>Samples of HTML codes</h1>
</center>
<hr></hr>
<hr></hr>
<p>(Note: Multiple spaces and multiple lines in the source file are
ignored.)</p>
<p>Examples of various type sizes:</p>
<h1>This is &lt;H1&gt;</h1>
<h2>This is &lt;H2&gt;</h2>
<h3>This is &lt;H3&gt;</h3>
<h4>This is &lt;H4&gt;</h4>
<p>Now we're back to ordinary-size type. All type can be made
<i>italic</i>, <b>boldface</b>, or <b><i>boldface
italic</i></b>.</p>
<p>The marker &lt;b&gt; or &lt;B&gt; starts <b>boldface</b>, and
the marker &lt;/b&gt; or &lt;/B&gt; ends it.</p>
<p>The marker &lt;i&gt; or &lt;I&gt; starts <i>italic</i>, and
&lt;/i&gt; or &lt;/I&gt; ends it.</p>
<p>Use both together: &lt;i&gt;&lt;b&gt; to do <i><b>bold
italic</b></i>; and close both (in either order)
&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/I&gt; to end it.</p>
<p>(This all assumes you know <b><i>why</i></b> you'd want to use
either one, of course;<br/>
 knowing how to use HTML is <b>not</b> a substitute for knowing how
to write.)</p>
<p>HTML is very handy for making lists. There are several
types:</p>
<ol>
<li style="list-style-type: none; list-style-image: none">This is
an "ordered list", using numbers.</li>
<li>The HTML marker to begin an <b>ordered</b> list is
<b>&lt;OL&gt;</b></li>
<li>Unsurprisingly, the marker to end it is <b>&lt;/ol&gt;</b></li>
<li>Each numbered item starts with <b>&lt;li&gt;</b> (for "List
Item")</li>
<li>You <b><i>don't</i></b> have to put in the number</li>
<li>Not only that, you can't change it. Numbering is
automatic.</li>
</ol>
<ul>
<li style="list-style-type: none; list-style-image: none">This is
an "unordered list", using "bullets".</li>
<li>The HTML marker to begin an <b>UNordered</b> list is
<b>&lt;UL&gt;</b></li>
<li>The marker to end it is <b>&lt;/ul&gt;</b></li>
<li>Each "bullet point" also starts with <b>&lt;li&gt;</b></li>
</ul>
<dl>
<dt>There is also a "Directory List", which is useful for defining
terms, and various other situations where you might want two levels
of indentation.</dt>
<dt>The HTML marker to begin a <b>Directory</b> list is
<b>&lt;DL&gt;</b></dt>
<dd>... and it ends with <b>&lt;/dl&gt;</b></dd>
<dt>There are <b>two</b> types of item codes:</dt>
<dd>
<ol>
<li><b>&lt;DT&gt;</b>, which stands for "Directory Term"</li>
<li><b>&lt;DD&gt;</b>, which stands for "Directory Definition"</li>
</ol>
</dd>
<dt>Note that a Directory list doesn't <i><b>look</b></i> like a
list;</dt>
<dd><b>&lt;DT&gt;</b> skips a line, but doesn't indent, and doesn't
make a blank line, while</dd>
<dd><b>&lt;DD&gt;</b> skips a line and indents; if you happen to
have a very long line (like this one) that would wrap around, the
new line is lined up indented.</dd>
<dt>The <b>&lt;DD&gt;</b> mark was intended to be a "definition" of
the term,</dt>
<dd>but it's good for lots of other things.</dd>
<dt>Netscape's "Bookmark" list is an HTML file, formatted using
<b>&lt;DL&gt;</b>;</dt>
<dd>most of the "Hot List" pages on the Web started off being
bookmark files.</dd>
<dt>There is no automatic "bullet" with list items in a Directory
List, but</dt>
</dl>
<ul class="noindent">
<li>if you want a bullet to appear, you can use <b>&lt;li&gt;
<i>after</i> &lt;dt&gt;</b>, like this 
<dl>
<dd>
<ul class="noindent">
<li>or <b><i>after</i></b> <b>&lt;dd&gt;</b>, like this</li>
<li>
<dl>
<dt>But ... <b><i>this</i></b> is what happens if you put
<b>&lt;LI&gt; <i>before</i> &lt;DT&gt;</b></dt>
</dl>
</li>
<li>
<dl>
<dd>and this is what happens with <b>&lt;LI&gt; <i>before</i>
&lt;DD&gt;</b>, so be CAREFUL.</dd>
</dl>
All kinds of lists start and end with implicit Paragraph
marks.</li>
</ul>
</dd>
</dl>
</li>
</ul>
<p>All of the marks above are just text formatting commands -- the
sort of thing any wordprocessor does; but the real power of HTML,
and the Web generally, lies in <b>HyperText</b>, that is, the
ability to link one page to another so that it becomes a "hot
link". These are the blue, underlined text pieces that you click
on. They're called "anchors" in HTML, and they use the <b>&lt;A
...&gt; ... &lt;/A&gt;</b> marker.</p>
<p><a id="link.how" name="link.how"></a>A link like the following
one to my home page: <a href="http://www.umich.edu/~jlawler/">John
Lawler</a> looks like this in HTML:</p>
<dl>
<dd><b>&lt;A href="http://www.umich.edu/~jlawler/"&gt;John
Lawler&lt;/A&gt;</b></dd>
</dl>
<ul>
<li style="list-style-type: none; list-style-image: none">This
consists of the following parts:</li>
<li>It begins with the mark "<b>&lt;A</b>", <b><i>followed by at
least one space or blank line</i></b>,</li>
<li>followed by "<b>href</b>" (for "Hypertext REFerence"),
<b><i>with NO spaces</i></b>,</li>
<li>followed by "<b>=</b>" (the "equal sign"), <b><i>with NO
spaces</i></b>,</li>
<li>followed by the URL typed out, <b>surrounded with DOUBLE
quotes, <i>and NO spaces</i></b>,</li>
<li>and terminated with "&gt;", <b><i>and NO spaces</i></b>,</li>
<li>followed by whatever text you want to be blue and
underlined<br/>
 (i.e, the link name itself; this can be as long as you want and
can have spaces in it),</li>
<li>and ending with the mark <b>&lt;/A&gt;</b>.</li>
</ul>
<p>Any URL can be linked this way. Clicking on it will go to that
page, just as if you had typed it into Netscape, or "opened" it
from a menu.</p>
<hr></hr>
<p><a href="wow">Back to the Linguistics 114 home page</a><br/>
 The URL of this page is:
<b>http://www.umich.edu/~jlawler/html.sample.html</b><br/>
 <i>Last change 2/19/01 <a href="http://www.umich.edu/~jlawler/">John Lawler</a></i></p>
<center>
<h1>Samples of HTML codes</h1>
</center>
<hr></hr>
<hr></hr>
<p>(Note: Multiple spaces and multiple lines in the source file are
ignored.)</p>
<p>Examples of various type sizes:</p>
<h1>This is &lt;H1&gt;</h1>
<h2>This is &lt;H2&gt;</h2>
<h3>This is &lt;H3&gt;</h3>
<h4>This is &lt;H4&gt;</h4>
<p>Now we're back to ordinary-size type. All type can be made
<i>italic</i>, <b>boldface</b>, or <b><i>boldface
italic</i></b>.</p>
<p>The marker &lt;b&gt; or &lt;B&gt; starts <b>boldface</b>, and
the marker &lt;/b&gt; or &lt;/B&gt; ends it.</p>
<p>The marker &lt;i&gt; or &lt;I&gt; starts <i>italic</i>, and
&lt;/i&gt; or &lt;/I&gt; ends it.</p>
<p>Use both together: &lt;i&gt;&lt;b&gt; to do <i><b>bold
italic</b></i>; and close both (in either order)
&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/I&gt; to end it.</p>
<p>(This all assumes you know <b><i>why</i></b> you'd want to use
either one, of course;<br/>
 knowing how to use HTML is <b>not</b> a substitute for knowing how
to write.)</p>
<p>HTML is very handy for making lists. There are several
types:</p>
<ol>
<li style="list-style-type: none; list-style-image: none">This is
an "ordered list", using numbers.</li>
<li>The HTML marker to begin an <b>ordered</b> list is
<b>&lt;OL&gt;</b></li>
<li>Unsurprisingly, the marker to end it is <b>&lt;/ol&gt;</b></li>
<li>Each numbered item starts with <b>&lt;li&gt;</b> (for "List
Item")</li>
<li>You <b><i>don't</i></b> have to put in the number</li>
<li>Not only that, you can't change it. Numbering is
automatic.</li>
</ol>
<ul>
<li style="list-style-type: none; list-style-image: none">This is
an "unordered list", using "bullets".</li>
<li>The HTML marker to begin an <b>UNordered</b> list is
<b>&lt;UL&gt;</b></li>
<li>The marker to end it is <b>&lt;/ul&gt;</b></li>
<li>Each "bullet point" also starts with <b>&lt;li&gt;</b></li>
</ul>
<dl>
<dt>There is also a "Directory List", which is useful for defining
terms, and various other situations where you might want two levels
of indentation.</dt>
<dt>The HTML marker to begin a <b>Directory</b> list is
<b>&lt;DL&gt;</b></dt>
<dd>... and it ends with <b>&lt;/dl&gt;</b></dd>
<dt>There are <b>two</b> types of item codes:</dt>
<dd>
<ol>
<li><b>&lt;DT&gt;</b>, which stands for "Directory Term"</li>
<li><b>&lt;DD&gt;</b>, which stands for "Directory Definition"</li>
</ol>
</dd>
<dt>Note that a Directory list doesn't <i><b>look</b></i> like a
list;</dt>
<dd><b>&lt;DT&gt;</b> skips a line, but doesn't indent, and doesn't
make a blank line, while</dd>
<dd><b>&lt;DD&gt;</b> skips a line and indents; if you happen to
have a very long line (like this one) that would wrap around, the
new line is lined up indented.</dd>
<dt>The <b>&lt;DD&gt;</b> mark was intended to be a "definition" of
the term,</dt>
<dd>but it's good for lots of other things.</dd>
<dt>Netscape's "Bookmark" list is an HTML file, formatted using
<b>&lt;DL&gt;</b>;</dt>
<dd>most of the "Hot List" pages on the Web started off being
bookmark files.</dd>
<dt>There is no automatic "bullet" with list items in a Directory
List, but</dt>
</dl>
<ul class="noindent">
<li>if you want a bullet to appear, you can use <b>&lt;li&gt;
<i>after</i> &lt;dt&gt;</b>, like this 
<dl>
<dd>
<ul class="noindent">
<li>or <b><i>after</i></b> <b>&lt;dd&gt;</b>, like this</li>
<li>
<dl>
<dt>But ... <b><i>this</i></b> is what happens if you put
<b>&lt;LI&gt; <i>before</i> &lt;DT&gt;</b></dt>
</dl>
</li>
<li>
<dl>
<dd>and this is what happens with <b>&lt;LI&gt; <i>before</i>
&lt;DD&gt;</b>, so be CAREFUL.</dd>
</dl>
All kinds of lists start and end with implicit Paragraph
marks.</li>
</ul>
</dd>
</dl>
</li>
</ul>
<p>All of the marks above are just text formatting commands -- the
sort of thing any wordprocessor does; but the real power of HTML,
and the Web generally, lies in <b>HyperText</b>, that is, the
ability to link one page to another so that it becomes a "hot
link". These are the blue, underlined text pieces that you click
on. They're called "anchors" in HTML, and they use the <b>&lt;A
...&gt; ... &lt;/A&gt;</b> marker.</p>
<p><a id="link.how" name="link.how"></a>A link like the following
one to my home page: <a href="http://www.umich.edu/~jlawler/">John
Lawler</a> looks like this in HTML:</p>
<dl>
<dd><b>&lt;A href="http://www.umich.edu/~jlawler/"&gt;John
Lawler&lt;/A&gt;</b></dd>
</dl>
<ul>
<li style="list-style-type: none; list-style-image: none">This
consists of the following parts:</li>
<li>It begins with the mark "<b>&lt;A</b>", <b><i>followed by at
least one space or blank line</i></b>,</li>
<li>followed by "<b>href</b>" (for "Hypertext REFerence"),
<b><i>with NO spaces</i></b>,</li>
<li>followed by "<b>=</b>" (the "equal sign"), <b><i>with NO
spaces</i></b>,</li>
<li>followed by the URL typed out, <b>surrounded with DOUBLE
quotes, <i>and NO spaces</i></b>,</li>
<li>and terminated with "&gt;", <b><i>and NO spaces</i></b>,</li>
<li>followed by whatever text you want to be blue and
underlined<br/>
 (i.e, the link name itself; this can be as long as you want and
can have spaces in it),</li>
<li>and ending with the mark <b>&lt;/A&gt;</b>.</li>
</ul>
<p>Any URL can be linked this way. Clicking on it will go to that
page, just as if you had typed it into Netscape, or "opened" it
from a menu.</p>
<hr></hr>
<p><a href="wow">Back to the Linguistics 114 home page</a><br/>
 The URL of this page is:
<b>http://www.umich.edu/~jlawler/html.sample.html</b><br/>
 <i>Last change 2/19/01 <a href="http://www.umich.edu/~jlawler/">John Lawler</a></i></p>
<center>
<h1>Samples of HTML codes</h1>
</center>
<hr></hr>
<hr></hr>
<p>(Note: Multiple spaces and multiple lines in the source file are
ignored.)</p>
<p>Examples of various type sizes:</p>
<h1>This is &lt;H1&gt;</h1>
<h2>This is &lt;H2&gt;</h2>
<h3>This is &lt;H3&gt;</h3>
<h4>This is &lt;H4&gt;</h4>
<p>Now we're back to ordinary-size type. All type can be made
<i>italic</i>, <b>boldface</b>, or <b><i>boldface
italic</i></b>.</p>
<p>The marker &lt;b&gt; or &lt;B&gt; starts <b>boldface</b>, and
the marker &lt;/b&gt; or &lt;/B&gt; ends it.</p>
<p>The marker &lt;i&gt; or &lt;I&gt; starts <i>italic</i>, and
&lt;/i&gt; or &lt;/I&gt; ends it.</p>
<p>Use both together: &lt;i&gt;&lt;b&gt; to do <i><b>bold
italic</b></i>; and close both (in either order)
&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/I&gt; to end it.</p>
<p>(This all assumes you know <b><i>why</i></b> you'd want to use
either one, of course;<br/>
 knowing how to use HTML is <b>not</b> a substitute for knowing how
to write.)</p>
<p>HTML is very handy for making lists. There are several
types:</p>
<ol>
<li style="list-style-type: none; list-style-image: none">This is
an "ordered list", using numbers.</li>
<li>The HTML marker to begin an <b>ordered</b> list is
<b>&lt;OL&gt;</b></li>
<li>Unsurprisingly, the marker to end it is <b>&lt;/ol&gt;</b></li>
<li>Each numbered item starts with <b>&lt;li&gt;</b> (for "List
Item")</li>
<li>You <b><i>don't</i></b> have to put in the number</li>
<li>Not only that, you can't change it. Numbering is
automatic.</li>
</ol>
<ul>
<li style="list-style-type: none; list-style-image: none">This is
an "unordered list", using "bullets".</li>
<li>The HTML marker to begin an <b>UNordered</b> list is
<b>&lt;UL&gt;</b></li>
<li>The marker to end it is <b>&lt;/ul&gt;</b></li>
<li>Each "bullet point" also starts with <b>&lt;li&gt;</b></li>
</ul>
<dl>
<dt>There is also a "Directory List", which is useful for defining
terms, and various other situations where you might want two levels
of indentation.</dt>
<dt>The HTML marker to begin a <b>Directory</b> list is
<b>&lt;DL&gt;</b></dt>
<dd>... and it ends with <b>&lt;/dl&gt;</b></dd>
<dt>There are <b>two</b> types of item codes:</dt>
<dd>
<ol>
<li><b>&lt;DT&gt;</b>, which stands for "Directory Term"</li>
<li><b>&lt;DD&gt;</b>, which stands for "Directory Definition"</li>
</ol>
</dd>
<dt>Note that a Directory list doesn't <i><b>look</b></i> like a
list;</dt>
<dd><b>&lt;DT&gt;</b> skips a line, but doesn't indent, and doesn't
make a blank line, while</dd>
<dd><b>&lt;DD&gt;</b> skips a line and indents; if you happen to
have a very long line (like this one) that would wrap around, the
new line is lined up indented.</dd>
<dt>The <b>&lt;DD&gt;</b> mark was intended to be a "definition" of
the term,</dt>
<dd>but it's good for lots of other things.</dd>
<dt>Netscape's "Bookmark" list is an HTML file, formatted using
<b>&lt;DL&gt;</b>;</dt>
<dd>most of the "Hot List" pages on the Web started off being
bookmark files.</dd>
<dt>There is no automatic "bullet" with list items in a Directory
List, but</dt>
</dl>
<ul class="noindent">
<li>if you want a bullet to appear, you can use <b>&lt;li&gt;
<i>after</i> &lt;dt&gt;</b>, like this 
<dl>
<dd>
<ul class="noindent">
<li>or <b><i>after</i></b> <b>&lt;dd&gt;</b>, like this</li>
<li>
<dl>
<dt>But ... <b><i>this</i></b> is what happens if you put
<b>&lt;LI&gt; <i>before</i> &lt;DT&gt;</b></dt>
</dl>
</li>
<li>
<dl>
<dd>and this is what happens with <b>&lt;LI&gt; <i>before</i>
&lt;DD&gt;</b>, so be CAREFUL.</dd>
</dl>
All kinds of lists start and end with implicit Paragraph
marks.</li>
</ul>
</dd>
</dl>
</li>
</ul>
<p>All of the marks above are just text formatting commands -- the
sort of thing any wordprocessor does; but the real power of HTML,
and the Web generally, lies in <b>HyperText</b>, that is, the
ability to link one page to another so that it becomes a "hot
link". These are the blue, underlined text pieces that you click
on. They're called "anchors" in HTML, and they use the <b>&lt;A
...&gt; ... &lt;/A&gt;</b> marker.</p>
<p><a id="link.how" name="link.how"></a>A link like the following
one to my home page: <a href="http://www.umich.edu/~jlawler/">John
Lawler</a> looks like this in HTML:</p>
<dl>
<dd><b>&lt;A href="http://www.umich.edu/~jlawler/"&gt;John
Lawler&lt;/A&gt;</b></dd>
</dl>
<ul>
<li style="list-style-type: none; list-style-image: none">This
consists of the following parts:</li>
<li>It begins with the mark "<b>&lt;A</b>", <b><i>followed by at
least one space or blank line</i></b>,</li>
<li>followed by "<b>href</b>" (for "Hypertext REFerence"),
<b><i>with NO spaces</i></b>,</li>
<li>followed by "<b>=</b>" (the "equal sign"), <b><i>with NO
spaces</i></b>,</li>
<li>followed by the URL typed out, <b>surrounded with DOUBLE
quotes, <i>and NO spaces</i></b>,</li>
<li>and terminated with "&gt;", <b><i>and NO spaces</i></b>,</li>
<li>followed by whatever text you want to be blue and
underlined<br/>
 (i.e, the link name itself; this can be as long as you want and
can have spaces in it),</li>
<li>and ending with the mark <b>&lt;/A&gt;</b>.</li>
</ul>
<p>Any URL can be linked this way. Clicking on it will go to that
page, just as if you had typed it into Netscape, or "opened" it
from a menu.</p>
<hr></hr>
<p><a href="wow">Back to the Linguistics 114 home page</a><br/>
 The URL of this page is:
<b>http://www.umich.edu/~jlawler/html.sample.html</b><br/>
 <i>Last change 2/19/01 <a href="http://www.umich.edu/~jlawler/">John Lawler</a></i></p>
<center>
<h1>Samples of HTML codes</h1>
</center>
<hr></hr>
<hr></hr>
<p>(Note: Multiple spaces and multiple lines in the source file are
ignored.)</p>
<p>Examples of various type sizes:</p>
<h1>This is &lt;H1&gt;</h1>
<h2>This is &lt;H2&gt;</h2>
<h3>This is &lt;H3&gt;</h3>
<h4>This is &lt;H4&gt;</h4>
<p>Now we're back to ordinary-size type. All type can be made
<i>italic</i>, <b>boldface</b>, or <b><i>boldface
italic</i></b>.</p>
<p>The marker &lt;b&gt; or &lt;B&gt; starts <b>boldface</b>, and
the marker &lt;/b&gt; or &lt;/B&gt; ends it.</p>
<p>The marker &lt;i&gt; or &lt;I&gt; starts <i>italic</i>, and
&lt;/i&gt; or &lt;/I&gt; ends it.</p>
<p>Use both together: &lt;i&gt;&lt;b&gt; to do <i><b>bold
italic</b></i>; and close both (in either order)
&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/I&gt; to end it.</p>
<p>(This all assumes you know <b><i>why</i></b> you'd want to use
either one, of course;<br/>
 knowing how to use HTML is <b>not</b> a substitute for knowing how
to write.)</p>
<p>HTML is very handy for making lists. There are several
types:</p>
<ol>
<li style="list-style-type: none; list-style-image: none">This is
an "ordered list", using numbers.</li>
<li>The HTML marker to begin an <b>ordered</b> list is
<b>&lt;OL&gt;</b></li>
<li>Unsurprisingly, the marker to end it is <b>&lt;/ol&gt;</b></li>
<li>Each numbered item starts with <b>&lt;li&gt;</b> (for "List
Item")</li>
<li>You <b><i>don't</i></b> have to put in the number</li>
<li>Not only that, you can't change it. Numbering is
automatic.</li>
</ol>
<ul>
<li style="list-style-type: none; list-style-image: none">This is
an "unordered list", using "bullets".</li>
<li>The HTML marker to begin an <b>UNordered</b> list is
<b>&lt;UL&gt;</b></li>
<li>The marker to end it is <b>&lt;/ul&gt;</b></li>
<li>Each "bullet point" also starts with <b>&lt;li&gt;</b></li>
</ul>
<dl>
<dt>There is also a "Directory List", which is useful for defining
terms, and various other situations where you might want two levels
of indentation.</dt>
<dt>The HTML marker to begin a <b>Directory</b> list is
<b>&lt;DL&gt;</b></dt>
<dd>... and it ends with <b>&lt;/dl&gt;</b></dd>
<dt>There are <b>two</b> types of item codes:</dt>
<dd>
<ol>
<li><b>&lt;DT&gt;</b>, which stands for "Directory Term"</li>
<li><b>&lt;DD&gt;</b>, which stands for "Directory Definition"</li>
</ol>
</dd>
<dt>Note that a Directory list doesn't <i><b>look</b></i> like a
list;</dt>
<dd><b>&lt;DT&gt;</b> skips a line, but doesn't indent, and doesn't
make a blank line, while</dd>
<dd><b>&lt;DD&gt;</b> skips a line and indents; if you happen to
have a very long line (like this one) that would wrap around, the
new line is lined up indented.</dd>
<dt>The <b>&lt;DD&gt;</b> mark was intended to be a "definition" of
the term,</dt>
<dd>but it's good for lots of other things.</dd>
<dt>Netscape's "Bookmark" list is an HTML file, formatted using
<b>&lt;DL&gt;</b>;</dt>
<dd>most of the "Hot List" pages on the Web started off being
bookmark files.</dd>
<dt>There is no automatic "bullet" with list items in a Directory
List, but</dt>
</dl>
<ul class="noindent">
<li>if you want a bullet to appear, you can use <b>&lt;li&gt;
<i>after</i> &lt;dt&gt;</b>, like this 
<dl>
<dd>
<ul class="noindent">
<li>or <b><i>after</i></b> <b>&lt;dd&gt;</b>, like this</li>
<li>
<dl>
<dt>But ... <b><i>this</i></b> is what happens if you put
<b>&lt;LI&gt; <i>before</i> &lt;DT&gt;</b></dt>
</dl>
</li>
<li>
<dl>
<dd>and this is what happens with <b>&lt;LI&gt; <i>before</i>
&lt;DD&gt;</b>, so be CAREFUL.</dd>
</dl>
All kinds of lists start and end with implicit Paragraph
marks.</li>
</ul>
</dd>
</dl>
</li>
</ul>
<p>All of the marks above are just text formatting commands -- the
sort of thing any wordprocessor does; but the real power of HTML,
and the Web generally, lies in <b>HyperText</b>, that is, the
ability to link one page to another so that it becomes a "hot
link". These are the blue, underlined text pieces that you click
on. They're called "anchors" in HTML, and they use the <b>&lt;A
...&gt; ... &lt;/A&gt;</b> marker.</p>
<p><a id="link.how" name="link.how"></a>A link like the following
one to my home page: <a href="http://www.umich.edu/~jlawler/">John
Lawler</a> looks like this in HTML:</p>
<dl>
<dd><b>&lt;A href="http://www.umich.edu/~jlawler/"&gt;John
Lawler&lt;/A&gt;</b></dd>
</dl>
<ul>
<li style="list-style-type: none; list-style-image: none">This
consists of the following parts:</li>
<li>It begins with the mark "<b>&lt;A</b>", <b><i>followed by at
least one space or blank line</i></b>,</li>
<li>followed by "<b>href</b>" (for "Hypertext REFerence"),
<b><i>with NO spaces</i></b>,</li>
<li>followed by "<b>=</b>" (the "equal sign"), <b><i>with NO
spaces</i></b>,</li>
<li>followed by the URL typed out, <b>surrounded with DOUBLE
quotes, <i>and NO spaces</i></b>,</li>
<li>and terminated with "&gt;", <b><i>and NO spaces</i></b>,</li>
<li>followed by whatever text you want to be blue and
underlined<br/>
 (i.e, the link name itself; this can be as long as you want and
can have spaces in it),</li>
<li>and ending with the mark <b>&lt;/A&gt;</b>.</li>
</ul>
<p>Any URL can be linked this way. Clicking on it will go to that
page, just as if you had typed it into Netscape, or "opened" it
from a menu.</p>
<hr></hr>
<p><a href="wow">Back to the Linguistics 114 home page</a><br/>
 The URL of this page is:
<b>http://www.umich.edu/~jlawler/html.sample.html</b><br/>
 <i>Last change 2/19/01 <a href="http://www.umich.edu/~jlawler/">John Lawler</a></i></p>
<center>
<h1>Samples of HTML codes</h1>
</center>
<hr></hr>
<hr></hr>
<p>(Note: Multiple spaces and multiple lines in the source file are
ignored.)</p>
<p>Examples of various type sizes:</p>
<h1>This is &lt;H1&gt;</h1>
<h2>This is &lt;H2&gt;</h2>
<h3>This is &lt;H3&gt;</h3>
<h4>This is &lt;H4&gt;</h4>
<p>Now we're back to ordinary-size type. All type can be made
<i>italic</i>, <b>boldface</b>, or <b><i>boldface
italic</i></b>.</p>
<p>The marker &lt;b&gt; or &lt;B&gt; starts <b>boldface</b>, and
the marker &lt;/b&gt; or &lt;/B&gt; ends it.</p>
<p>The marker &lt;i&gt; or &lt;I&gt; starts <i>italic</i>, and
&lt;/i&gt; or &lt;/I&gt; ends it.</p>
<p>Use both together: &lt;i&gt;&lt;b&gt; to do <i><b>bold
italic</b></i>; and close both (in either order)
&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/I&gt; to end it.</p>
<p>(This all assumes you know <b><i>why</i></b> you'd want to use
either one, of course;<br/>
 knowing how to use HTML is <b>not</b> a substitute for knowing how
to write.)</p>
<p>HTML is very handy for making lists. There are several
types:</p>
<ol>
<li style="list-style-type: none; list-style-image: none">This is
an "ordered list", using numbers.</li>
<li>The HTML marker to begin an <b>ordered</b> list is
<b>&lt;OL&gt;</b></li>
<li>Unsurprisingly, the marker to end it is <b>&lt;/ol&gt;</b></li>
<li>Each numbered item starts with <b>&lt;li&gt;</b> (for "List
Item")</li>
<li>You <b><i>don't</i></b> have to put in the number</li>
<li>Not only that, you can't change it. Numbering is
automatic.</li>
</ol>
<ul>
<li style="list-style-type: none; list-style-image: none">This is
an "unordered list", using "bullets".</li>
<li>The HTML marker to begin an <b>UNordered</b> list is
<b>&lt;UL&gt;</b></li>
<li>The marker to end it is <b>&lt;/ul&gt;</b></li>
<li>Each "bullet point" also starts with <b>&lt;li&gt;</b></li>
</ul>
<dl>
<dt>There is also a "Directory List", which is useful for defining
terms, and various other situations where you might want two levels
of indentation.</dt>
<dt>The HTML marker to begin a <b>Directory</b> list is
<b>&lt;DL&gt;</b></dt>
<dd>... and it ends with <b>&lt;/dl&gt;</b></dd>
<dt>There are <b>two</b> types of item codes:</dt>
<dd>
<ol>
<li><b>&lt;DT&gt;</b>, which stands for "Directory Term"</li>
<li><b>&lt;DD&gt;</b>, which stands for "Directory Definition"</li>
</ol>
</dd>
<dt>Note that a Directory list doesn't <i><b>look</b></i> like a
list;</dt>
<dd><b>&lt;DT&gt;</b> skips a line, but doesn't indent, and doesn't
make a blank line, while</dd>
<dd><b>&lt;DD&gt;</b> skips a line and indents; if you happen to
have a very long line (like this one) that would wrap around, the
new line is lined up indented.</dd>
<dt>The <b>&lt;DD&gt;</b> mark was intended to be a "definition" of
the term,</dt>
<dd>but it's good for lots of other things.</dd>
<dt>Netscape's "Bookmark" list is an HTML file, formatted using
<b>&lt;DL&gt;</b>;</dt>
<dd>most of the "Hot List" pages on the Web started off being
bookmark files.</dd>
<dt>There is no automatic "bullet" with list items in a Directory
List, but</dt>
</dl>
<ul class="noindent">
<li>if you want a bullet to appear, you can use <b>&lt;li&gt;
<i>after</i> &lt;dt&gt;</b>, like this 
<dl>
<dd>
<ul class="noindent">
<li>or <b><i>after</i></b> <b>&lt;dd&gt;</b>, like this</li>
<li>
<dl>
<dt>But ... <b><i>this</i></b> is what happens if you put
<b>&lt;LI&gt; <i>before</i> &lt;DT&gt;</b></dt>
</dl>
</li>
<li>
<dl>
<dd>and this is what happens with <b>&lt;LI&gt; <i>before</i>
&lt;DD&gt;</b>, so be CAREFUL.</dd>
</dl>
All kinds of lists start and end with implicit Paragraph
marks.</li>
</ul>
</dd>
</dl>
</li>
</ul>
<p>All of the marks above are just text formatting commands -- the
sort of thing any wordprocessor does; but the real power of HTML,
and the Web generally, lies in <b>HyperText</b>, that is, the
ability to link one page to another so that it becomes a "hot
link". These are the blue, underlined text pieces that you click
on. They're called "anchors" in HTML, and they use the <b>&lt;A
...&gt; ... &lt;/A&gt;</b> marker.</p>
<p><a id="link.how" name="link.how"></a>A link like the following
one to my home page: <a href="http://www.umich.edu/~jlawler/">John
Lawler</a> looks like this in HTML:</p>
<dl>
<dd><b>&lt;A href="http://www.umich.edu/~jlawler/"&gt;John
Lawler&lt;/A&gt;</b></dd>
</dl>
<ul>
<li style="list-style-type: none; list-style-image: none">This
consists of the following parts:</li>
<li>It begins with the mark "<b>&lt;A</b>", <b><i>followed by at
least one space or blank line</i></b>,</li>
<li>followed by "<b>href</b>" (for "Hypertext REFerence"),
<b><i>with NO spaces</i></b>,</li>
<li>followed by "<b>=</b>" (the "equal sign"), <b><i>with NO
spaces</i></b>,</li>
<li>followed by the URL typed out, <b>surrounded with DOUBLE
quotes, <i>and NO spaces</i></b>,</li>
<li>and terminated with "&gt;", <b><i>and NO spaces</i></b>,</li>
<li>followed by whatever text you want to be blue and
underlined<br/>
 (i.e, the link name itself; this can be as long as you want and
can have spaces in it),</li>
<li>and ending with the mark <b>&lt;/A&gt;</b>.</li>
</ul>
<p>Any URL can be linked this way. Clicking on it will go to that
page, just as if you had typed it into Netscape, or "opened" it
from a menu.</p>
<hr></hr>
<p><a href="wow">Back to the Linguistics 114 home page</a><br/>
 The URL of this page is:
<b>http://www.umich.edu/~jlawler/html.sample.html</b><br/>
 <i>Last change 2/19/01 <a href="http://www.umich.edu/~jlawler/">John Lawler</a></i></p>
<center>
<h1>Samples of HTML codes</h1>
</center>
<hr></hr>
<hr></hr>
<p>(Note: Multiple spaces and multiple lines in the source file are
ignored.)</p>
<p>Examples of various type sizes:</p>
<h1>This is &lt;H1&gt;</h1>
<h2>This is &lt;H2&gt;</h2>
<h3>This is &lt;H3&gt;</h3>
<h4>This is &lt;H4&gt;</h4>
<p>Now we're back to ordinary-size type. All type can be made
<i>italic</i>, <b>boldface</b>, or <b><i>boldface
italic</i></b>.</p>
<p>The marker &lt;b&gt; or &lt;B&gt; starts <b>boldface</b>, and
the marker &lt;/b&gt; or &lt;/B&gt; ends it.</p>
<p>The marker &lt;i&gt; or &lt;I&gt; starts <i>italic</i>, and
&lt;/i&gt; or &lt;/I&gt; ends it.</p>
<p>Use both together: &lt;i&gt;&lt;b&gt; to do <i><b>bold
italic</b></i>; and close both (in either order)
&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/I&gt; to end it.</p>
<p>(This all assumes you know <b><i>why</i></b> you'd want to use
either one, of course;<br/>
 knowing how to use HTML is <b>not</b> a substitute for knowing how
to write.)</p>
<p>HTML is very handy for making lists. There are several
types:</p>
<ol>
<li style="list-style-type: none; list-style-image: none">This is
an "ordered list", using numbers.</li>
<li>The HTML marker to begin an <b>ordered</b> list is
<b>&lt;OL&gt;</b></li>
<li>Unsurprisingly, the marker to end it is <b>&lt;/ol&gt;</b></li>
<li>Each numbered item starts with <b>&lt;li&gt;</b> (for "List
Item")</li>
<li>You <b><i>don't</i></b> have to put in the number</li>
<li>Not only that, you can't change it. Numbering is
automatic.</li>
</ol>
<ul>
<li style="list-style-type: none; list-style-image: none">This is
an "unordered list", using "bullets".</li>
<li>The HTML marker to begin an <b>UNordered</b> list is
<b>&lt;UL&gt;</b></li>
<li>The marker to end it is <b>&lt;/ul&gt;</b></li>
<li>Each "bullet point" also starts with <b>&lt;li&gt;</b></li>
</ul>
<dl>
<dt>There is also a "Directory List", which is useful for defining
terms, and various other situations where you might want two levels
of indentation.</dt>
<dt>The HTML marker to begin a <b>Directory</b> list is
<b>&lt;DL&gt;</b></dt>
<dd>... and it ends with <b>&lt;/dl&gt;</b></dd>
<dt>There are <b>two</b> types of item codes:</dt>
<dd>
<ol>
<li><b>&lt;DT&gt;</b>, which stands for "Directory Term"</li>
<li><b>&lt;DD&gt;</b>, which stands for "Directory Definition"</li>
</ol>
</dd>
<dt>Note that a Directory list doesn't <i><b>look</b></i> like a
list;</dt>
<dd><b>&lt;DT&gt;</b> skips a line, but doesn't indent, and doesn't
make a blank line, while</dd>
<dd><b>&lt;DD&gt;</b> skips a line and indents; if you happen to
have a very long line (like this one) that would wrap around, the
new line is lined up indented.</dd>
<dt>The <b>&lt;DD&gt;</b> mark was intended to be a "definition" of
the term,</dt>
<dd>but it's good for lots of other things.</dd>
<dt>Netscape's "Bookmark" list is an HTML file, formatted using
<b>&lt;DL&gt;</b>;</dt>
<dd>most of the "Hot List" pages on the Web started off being
bookmark files.</dd>
<dt>There is no automatic "bullet" with list items in a Directory
List, but</dt>
</dl>
<ul class="noindent">
<li>if you want a bullet to appear, you can use <b>&lt;li&gt;
<i>after</i> &lt;dt&gt;</b>, like this 
<dl>
<dd>
<ul class="noindent">
<li>or <b><i>after</i></b> <b>&lt;dd&gt;</b>, like this</li>
<li>
<dl>
<dt>But ... <b><i>this</i></b> is what happens if you put
<b>&lt;LI&gt; <i>before</i> &lt;DT&gt;</b></dt>
</dl>
</li>
<li>
<dl>
<dd>and this is what happens with <b>&lt;LI&gt; <i>before</i>
&lt;DD&gt;</b>, so be CAREFUL.</dd>
</dl>
All kinds of lists start and end with implicit Paragraph
marks.</li>
</ul>
</dd>
</dl>
</li>
</ul>
<p>All of the marks above are just text formatting commands -- the
sort of thing any wordprocessor does; but the real power of HTML,
and the Web generally, lies in <b>HyperText</b>, that is, the
ability to link one page to another so that it becomes a "hot
link". These are the blue, underlined text pieces that you click
on. They're called "anchors" in HTML, and they use the <b>&lt;A
...&gt; ... &lt;/A&gt;</b> marker.</p>
<p><a id="link.how" name="link.how"></a>A link like the following
one to my home page: <a href="http://www.umich.edu/~jlawler/">John
Lawler</a> looks like this in HTML:</p>
<dl>
<dd><b>&lt;A href="http://www.umich.edu/~jlawler/"&gt;John
Lawler&lt;/A&gt;</b></dd>
</dl>
<ul>
<li style="list-style-type: none; list-style-image: none">This
consists of the following parts:</li>
<li>It begins with the mark "<b>&lt;A</b>", <b><i>followed by at
least one space or blank line</i></b>,</li>
<li>followed by "<b>href</b>" (for "Hypertext REFerence"),
<b><i>with NO spaces</i></b>,</li>
<li>followed by "<b>=</b>" (the "equal sign"), <b><i>with NO
spaces</i></b>,</li>
<li>followed by the URL typed out, <b>surrounded with DOUBLE
quotes, <i>and NO spaces</i></b>,</li>
<li>and terminated with "&gt;", <b><i>and NO spaces</i></b>,</li>
<li>followed by whatever text you want to be blue and
underlined<br/>
 (i.e, the link name itself; this can be as long as you want and
can have spaces in it),</li>
<li>and ending with the mark <b>&lt;/A&gt;</b>.</li>
</ul>
<p>Any URL can be linked this way. Clicking on it will go to that
page, just as if you had typed it into Netscape, or "opened" it
from a menu.</p>
<hr></hr>
<p><a href="wow">Back to the Linguistics 114 home page</a><br/>
 The URL of this page is:
<b>http://www.umich.edu/~jlawler/html.sample.html</b><br/>
 <i>Last change 2/19/01 <a href="http://www.umich.edu/~jlawler/">John Lawler</a></i></p>
<center>
<h1>Samples of HTML codes</h1>
</center>
<hr></hr>
<hr></hr>
<p>(Note: Multiple spaces and multiple lines in the source file are
ignored.)</p>
<p>Examples of various type sizes:</p>
<h1>This is &lt;H1&gt;</h1>
<h2>This is &lt;H2&gt;</h2>
<h3>This is &lt;H3&gt;</h3>
<h4>This is &lt;H4&gt;</h4>
<p>Now we're back to ordinary-size type. All type can be made
<i>italic</i>, <b>boldface</b>, or <b><i>boldface
italic</i></b>.</p>
<p>The marker &lt;b&gt; or &lt;B&gt; starts <b>boldface</b>, and
the marker &lt;/b&gt; or &lt;/B&gt; ends it.</p>
<p>The marker &lt;i&gt; or &lt;I&gt; starts <i>italic</i>, and
&lt;/i&gt; or &lt;/I&gt; ends it.</p>
<p>Use both together: &lt;i&gt;&lt;b&gt; to do <i><b>bold
italic</b></i>; and close both (in either order)
&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/I&gt; to end it.</p>
<p>(This all assumes you know <b><i>why</i></b> you'd want to use
either one, of course;<br/>
 knowing how to use HTML is <b>not</b> a substitute for knowing how
to write.)</p>
<p>HTML is very handy for making lists. There are several
types:</p>
<ol>
<li style="list-style-type: none; list-style-image: none">This is
an "ordered list", using numbers.</li>
<li>The HTML marker to begin an <b>ordered</b> list is
<b>&lt;OL&gt;</b></li>
<li>Unsurprisingly, the marker to end it is <b>&lt;/ol&gt;</b></li>
<li>Each numbered item starts with <b>&lt;li&gt;</b> (for "List
Item")</li>
<li>You <b><i>don't</i></b> have to put in the number</li>
<li>Not only that, you can't change it. Numbering is
automatic.</li>
</ol>
<ul>
<li style="list-style-type: none; list-style-image: none">This is
an "unordered list", using "bullets".</li>
<li>The HTML marker to begin an <b>UNordered</b> list is
<b>&lt;UL&gt;</b></li>
<li>The marker to end it is <b>&lt;/ul&gt;</b></li>
<li>Each "bullet point" also starts with <b>&lt;li&gt;</b></li>
</ul>
<dl>
<dt>There is also a "Directory List", which is useful for defining
terms, and various other situations where you might want two levels
of indentation.</dt>
<dt>The HTML marker to begin a <b>Directory</b> list is
<b>&lt;DL&gt;</b></dt>
<dd>... and it ends with <b>&lt;/dl&gt;</b></dd>
<dt>There are <b>two</b> types of item codes:</dt>
<dd>
<ol>
<li><b>&lt;DT&gt;</b>, which stands for "Directory Term"</li>
<li><b>&lt;DD&gt;</b>, which stands for "Directory Definition"</li>
</ol>
</dd>
<dt>Note that a Directory list doesn't <i><b>look</b></i> like a
list;</dt>
<dd><b>&lt;DT&gt;</b> skips a line, but doesn't indent, and doesn't
make a blank line, while</dd>
<dd><b>&lt;DD&gt;</b> skips a line and indents; if you happen to
have a very long line (like this one) that would wrap around, the
new line is lined up indented.</dd>
<dt>The <b>&lt;DD&gt;</b> mark was intended to be a "definition" of
the term,</dt>
<dd>but it's good for lots of other things.</dd>
<dt>Netscape's "Bookmark" list is an HTML file, formatted using
<b>&lt;DL&gt;</b>;</dt>
<dd>most of the "Hot List" pages on the Web started off being
bookmark files.</dd>
<dt>There is no automatic "bullet" with list items in a Directory
List, but</dt>
</dl>
<ul class="noindent">
<li>if you want a bullet to appear, you can use <b>&lt;li&gt;
<i>after</i> &lt;dt&gt;</b>, like this 
<dl>
<dd>
<ul class="noindent">
<li>or <b><i>after</i></b> <b>&lt;dd&gt;</b>, like this</li>
<li>
<dl>
<dt>But ... <b><i>this</i></b> is what happens if you put
<b>&lt;LI&gt; <i>before</i> &lt;DT&gt;</b></dt>
</dl>
</li>
<li>
<dl>
<dd>and this is what happens with <b>&lt;LI&gt; <i>before</i>
&lt;DD&gt;</b>, so be CAREFUL.</dd>
</dl>
All kinds of lists start and end with implicit Paragraph
marks.</li>
</ul>
</dd>
</dl>
</li>
</ul>
<p>All of the marks above are just text formatting commands -- the
sort of thing any wordprocessor does; but the real power of HTML,
and the Web generally, lies in <b>HyperText</b>, that is, the
ability to link one page to another so that it becomes a "hot
link". These are the blue, underlined text pieces that you click
on. They're called "anchors" in HTML, and they use the <b>&lt;A
...&gt; ... &lt;/A&gt;</b> marker.</p>
<p><a id="link.how" name="link.how"></a>A link like the following
one to my home page: <a href="http://www.umich.edu/~jlawler/">John
Lawler</a> looks like this in HTML:</p>
<dl>
<dd><b>&lt;A href="http://www.umich.edu/~jlawler/"&gt;John
Lawler&lt;/A&gt;</b></dd>
</dl>
<ul>
<li style="list-style-type: none; list-style-image: none">This
consists of the following parts:</li>
<li>It begins with the mark "<b>&lt;A</b>", <b><i>followed by at
least one space or blank line</i></b>,</li>
<li>followed by "<b>href</b>" (for "Hypertext REFerence"),
<b><i>with NO spaces</i></b>,</li>
<li>followed by "<b>=</b>" (the "equal sign"), <b><i>with NO
spaces</i></b>,</li>
<li>followed by the URL typed out, <b>surrounded with DOUBLE
quotes, <i>and NO spaces</i></b>,</li>
<li>and terminated with "&gt;", <b><i>and NO spaces</i></b>,</li>
<li>followed by whatever text you want to be blue and
underlined<br/>
 (i.e, the link name itself; this can be as long as you want and
can have spaces in it),</li>
<li>and ending with the mark <b>&lt;/A&gt;</b>.</li>
</ul>
<p>Any URL can be linked this way. Clicking on it will go to that
page, just as if you had typed it into Netscape, or "opened" it
from a menu.</p>
<hr></hr>
<p><a href="wow">Back to the Linguistics 114 home page</a><br/>
 The URL of this page is:
<b>http://www.umich.edu/~jlawler/html.sample.html</b><br/>
 <i>Last change 2/19/01 <a href="http://www.umich.edu/~jlawler/">John Lawler</a></i></p>
<center>
<h1>Samples of HTML codes</h1>
</center>
<hr></hr>
<hr></hr>
<p>(Note: Multiple spaces and multiple lines in the source file are
ignored.)</p>
<p>Examples of various type sizes:</p>
<h1>This is &lt;H1&gt;</h1>
<h2>This is &lt;H2&gt;</h2>
<h3>This is &lt;H3&gt;</h3>
<h4>This is &lt;H4&gt;</h4>
<p>Now we're back to ordinary-size type. All type can be made
<i>italic</i>, <b>boldface</b>, or <b><i>boldface
italic</i></b>.</p>
<p>The marker &lt;b&gt; or &lt;B&gt; starts <b>boldface</b>, and
the marker &lt;/b&gt; or &lt;/B&gt; ends it.</p>
<p>The marker &lt;i&gt; or &lt;I&gt; starts <i>italic</i>, and
&lt;/i&gt; or &lt;/I&gt; ends it.</p>
<p>Use both together: &lt;i&gt;&lt;b&gt; to do <i><b>bold
italic</b></i>; and close both (in either order)
&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/I&gt; to end it.</p>
<p>(This all assumes you know <b><i>why</i></b> you'd want to use
either one, of course;<br/>
 knowing how to use HTML is <b>not</b> a substitute for knowing how
to write.)</p>
<p>HTML is very handy for making lists. There are several
types:</p>
<ol>
<li style="list-style-type: none; list-style-image: none">This is
an "ordered list", using numbers.</li>
<li>The HTML marker to begin an <b>ordered</b> list is
<b>&lt;OL&gt;</b></li>
<li>Unsurprisingly, the marker to end it is <b>&lt;/ol&gt;</b></li>
<li>Each numbered item starts with <b>&lt;li&gt;</b> (for "List
Item")</li>
<li>You <b><i>don't</i></b> have to put in the number</li>
<li>Not only that, you can't change it. Numbering is
automatic.</li>
</ol>
<ul>
<li style="list-style-type: none; list-style-image: none">This is
an "unordered list", using "bullets".</li>
<li>The HTML marker to begin an <b>UNordered</b> list is
<b>&lt;UL&gt;</b></li>
<li>The marker to end it is <b>&lt;/ul&gt;</b></li>
<li>Each "bullet point" also starts with <b>&lt;li&gt;</b></li>
</ul>
<dl>
<dt>There is also a "Directory List", which is useful for defining
terms, and various other situations where you might want two levels
of indentation.</dt>
<dt>The HTML marker to begin a <b>Directory</b> list is
<b>&lt;DL&gt;</b></dt>
<dd>... and it ends with <b>&lt;/dl&gt;</b></dd>
<dt>There are <b>two</b> types of item codes:</dt>
<dd>
<ol>
<li><b>&lt;DT&gt;</b>, which stands for "Directory Term"</li>
<li><b>&lt;DD&gt;</b>, which stands for "Directory Definition"</li>
</ol>
</dd>
<dt>Note that a Directory list doesn't <i><b>look</b></i> like a
list;</dt>
<dd><b>&lt;DT&gt;</b> skips a line, but doesn't indent, and doesn't
make a blank line, while</dd>
<dd><b>&lt;DD&gt;</b> skips a line and indents; if you happen to
have a very long line (like this one) that would wrap around, the
new line is lined up indented.</dd>
<dt>The <b>&lt;DD&gt;</b> mark was intended to be a "definition" of
the term,</dt>
<dd>but it's good for lots of other things.</dd>
<dt>Netscape's "Bookmark" list is an HTML file, formatted using
<b>&lt;DL&gt;</b>;</dt>
<dd>most of the "Hot List" pages on the Web started off being
bookmark files.</dd>
<dt>There is no automatic "bullet" with list items in a Directory
List, but</dt>
</dl>
<ul class="noindent">
<li>if you want a bullet to appear, you can use <b>&lt;li&gt;
<i>after</i> &lt;dt&gt;</b>, like this 
<dl>
<dd>
<ul class="noindent">
<li>or <b><i>after</i></b> <b>&lt;dd&gt;</b>, like this</li>
<li>
<dl>
<dt>But ... <b><i>this</i></b> is what happens if you put
<b>&lt;LI&gt; <i>before</i> &lt;DT&gt;</b></dt>
</dl>
</li>
<li>
<dl>
<dd>and this is what happens with <b>&lt;LI&gt; <i>before</i>
&lt;DD&gt;</b>, so be CAREFUL.</dd>
</dl>
All kinds of lists start and end with implicit Paragraph
marks.</li>
</ul>
</dd>
</dl>
</li>
</ul>
<p>All of the marks above are just text formatting commands -- the
sort of thing any wordprocessor does; but the real power of HTML,
and the Web generally, lies in <b>HyperText</b>, that is, the
ability to link one page to another so that it becomes a "hot
link". These are the blue, underlined text pieces that you click
on. They're called "anchors" in HTML, and they use the <b>&lt;A
...&gt; ... &lt;/A&gt;</b> marker.</p>
<p><a id="link.how" name="link.how"></a>A link like the following
one to my home page: <a href="http://www.umich.edu/~jlawler/">John
Lawler</a> looks like this in HTML:</p>
<dl>
<dd><b>&lt;A href="http://www.umich.edu/~jlawler/"&gt;John
Lawler&lt;/A&gt;</b></dd>
</dl>
<ul>
<li style="list-style-type: none; list-style-image: none">This
consists of the following parts:</li>
<li>It begins with the mark "<b>&lt;A</b>", <b><i>followed by at
least one space or blank line</i></b>,</li>
<li>followed by "<b>href</b>" (for "Hypertext REFerence"),
<b><i>with NO spaces</i></b>,</li>
<li>followed by "<b>=</b>" (the "equal sign"), <b><i>with NO
spaces</i></b>,</li>
<li>followed by the URL typed out, <b>surrounded with DOUBLE
quotes, <i>and NO spaces</i></b>,</li>
<li>and terminated with "&gt;", <b><i>and NO spaces</i></b>,</li>
<li>followed by whatever text you want to be blue and
underlined<br/>
 (i.e, the link name itself; this can be as long as you want and
can have spaces in it),</li>
<li>and ending with the mark <b>&lt;/A&gt;</b>.</li>
</ul>
<p>Any URL can be linked this way. Clicking on it will go to that
page, just as if you had typed it into Netscape, or "opened" it
from a menu.</p>
<hr></hr>
<p></p>
</body>
</html>